#ifdef NACHIA #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #else // disable assert #define NDEBUG #endif #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; using ll = long long; const ll INF = 1ll << 60; #define REP(i,n) for(ll i=0; i using V = vector; template void chmax(A& l, const B& r){ if(l < r) l = r; } template void chmin(A& l, const B& r){ if(r < l) l = r; } ll examine(ll n){ V> idx(n, V(n, -1)); ll idxi = 0; REP(i,n) REP(j,n) if((i+j)%2 == 0) idx[i][j] = idxi++; V basis; for(ll k=3; k<=n; k+=2) REP(i,n-k+1) REP(j,n-k+1) if((i+j)%2 == 0){ ll q = 0; REP(x,k) q |= 1ll << idx[i+x][j+x]; REP(x,k) q |= 1ll << idx[i+x][j+k-1-x]; for(auto& a : basis) chmin(q, q ^ a); if(q){ for(auto& a : basis) chmin(a, a ^ q); basis.push_back(q); } } sort(basis.begin(), basis.end()); for(auto& a : basis) cout << bitset<64>(a) << endl; return idxi - basis.size(); } bool judge_rough(ll N, V S){ REP(xx,4){ ll cnt[2] = {}; REP(i,N) if(S[0][i] == '#') cnt[i%2]++; REP(t,2) if(cnt[t] % 2 == 1) return false; V buf(N); REP(i,N) REP(j,N) buf[j].push_back(S[i][j]); swap(S, buf); } return true; } #include #include namespace nachia{ // ax + by = gcd(a,b) // return ( x, - ) std::pair ExtGcd(long long a, long long b){ long long x = 1, y = 0; while(b){ long long u = a / b; std::swap(a-=b*u, b); std::swap(x-=y*u, y); } return std::make_pair(x, a); } } // namespace nachia namespace nachia{ template struct StaticModint{ private: using u64 = unsigned long long; unsigned int x; public: using my_type = StaticModint; template< class Elem > static Elem safe_mod(Elem x){ if(x < 0){ if(0 <= x+MOD) return x + MOD; return MOD - ((-(x+MOD)-1) % MOD + 1); } return x % MOD; } StaticModint() : x(0){} StaticModint(const my_type& a) : x(a.x){} StaticModint& operator=(const my_type&) = default; template< class Elem > StaticModint(Elem v) : x(safe_mod(v)){} unsigned int operator*() const { return x; } my_type& operator+=(const my_type& r) { auto t = x + r.x; if(t >= MOD) t -= MOD; x = t; return *this; } my_type operator+(const my_type& r) const { my_type res = *this; return res += r; } my_type& operator-=(const my_type& r) { auto t = x + MOD - r.x; if(t >= MOD) t -= MOD; x = t; return *this; } my_type operator-(const my_type& r) const { my_type res = *this; return res -= r; } my_type operator-() const noexcept { my_type res = *this; res.x = ((res.x == 0) ? 0 : (MOD - res.x)); return res; } my_type& operator*=(const my_type& r){ x = (u64)x * r.x % MOD; return *this; } my_type operator*(const my_type& r) const { my_type res = *this; return res *= r; } bool operator==(const my_type& r) const { return x == r.x; } my_type pow(unsigned long long i) const { my_type a = *this, res = 1; while(i){ if(i & 1){ res *= a; } a *= a; i >>= 1; } return res; } my_type inv() const { return my_type(ExtGcd(x, MOD).first); } unsigned int val() const { return x; } int hval() const { return int(x > MOD/2 ? x - MOD : x); } static constexpr unsigned int mod() { return MOD; } static my_type raw(unsigned int val) { auto res = my_type(); res.x = val; return res; } my_type& operator/=(const my_type& r){ return operator*=(r.inv()); } my_type operator/(const my_type& r) const { return operator*(r.inv()); } }; } // namespace nachia #include namespace nachia{ template struct MatrixModulo{ private: int h; int w; std::vector elems; public: MatrixModulo(int new_h=0, int new_w=0) : h(new_h), w(new_w), elems(h*w, Elem(0)){} MatrixModulo(const MatrixModulo &) = default; int numRow() const { return h; } int numColumn() const { return w; } int height() const { return numRow(); } int width() const { return numColumn(); } typename std::vector::iterator operator[](int y){ return elems.begin() + (y*w); } typename std::vector::const_iterator operator[](int y) const { return elems.begin() + (y*w); } static MatrixModulo Identity(int n){ auto res = MatrixModulo(n,n); for(int i=0; i operator*(const std::vector& r) const { assert(width() == int(r.size())); auto res = std::vector(h); for(int i=0; i=i; k--) g[j][k] -= g[j][i] * g[i][k]; } return ans; } int rank() const { if(height() == 0 || width() == 0) return 0; MatrixModulo g = *this; int y = 0; for(int d=0; d=d; j--) g[i][j] -= g[i][d] * g[y][j]; y++; } return y; } MatrixModulo pow(unsigned long long i){ auto a = *this; auto res = Identity(height()); while(i){ if(i%2) res = res * a; a = a * a; i /= 2; } return res; } friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const MatrixModulo& a){ int n = a.height(), m = a.width(); for(int i=0; i MatrixModulo LinearEquation(MatrixModulo g){ int w = g.numColumn(), h = g.numRow(); int y = 0; std::vector> det_var; std::vector rank_var; for (int d=0; d=d; j--) g[i][j] -= g[i][d] * g[y][j]; det_var.push_back(std::make_pair(d,y)); y++; } for (int i=y; i(0,0); MatrixModulo solution(1 + rank_var.size(), w); for (auto [x,i] : det_var) { solution[0][x] = -g[i][w-1]; } solution[0][w-1] = 1; for (int d=0; d<(int)rank_var.size(); d++) { int varid = rank_var[d]; solution[d+1][varid] = -Elem(1); for (auto [x,i] : det_var) { solution[d+1][x] = g[i][varid]; } } return solution; } } // namespace nahica using Mint = nachia::StaticModint<2>; void testcase(){ ll N; cin >> N; V S(N); REP(i,N) cin >> S[i]; V> ans; auto op = [&](ll y, ll x, ll k){ ans.push_back({ k/2, y+k/2, x+k/2 }); REP(i,k) S[y+i][x+i] ^= '#' ^ '.'; REP(i,k) S[y+i][x+k-1-i] ^= '#' ^ '.'; S[y+k/2][x+k/2] ^= '#' ^ '.'; }; if(!judge_rough(N, S)){ cout << "-1\n"; return; } while(N > 10){ REP(i,N) if(S[N-1][i] == '#') op(N-3, i, 3); REP(i,N) if(S[i][N-1] == '#') op(i, N-3, 3); // for(auto a : S) cout << a << endl; REP(t,2){ ll cnt = 0; REP(i,N) if(S[N-2][i] == '#' && (i+1) % 2 == t) cnt++; if(cnt % 2 == 1){ op(N-3, 0+t, 3); op(N-5, 2+t, 5); op(N-7, 0+t, 7); } } REP(t,2){ ll cnt = 0; REP(i,N) if(S[i][N-2] == '#' && (i+1) % 2 == t) cnt++; if(cnt % 2 == 1){ op(0+t, N-3, 3); op(2+t, N-5, 5); op(0+t, N-7, 7); } } N--; } S.resize(N); REP(i,N) S[i].resize(N); // cout << judge_rough(N, S) << endl; auto idx = [&](ll y, ll x){ return y*N+x; }; V> opinfo; for(ll k=3; k<=N; k+=2) REP(y,N-k+1) REP(x,N-k+1){ opinfo.push_back({ x, y, k }); } nachia::MatrixModulo eq(N*N, opinfo.size() + 1); REP(i,N) REP(j,N) if(S[i][j] == '#') eq[idx(i,j)][opinfo.size()] = 1; REP(opi,opinfo.size()){ auto [x,y,k] = opinfo[opi]; REP(i,k) eq[idx(y+i, x+i)][opi] = 1; REP(i,k) eq[idx(y+i, x+k-1-i)][opi] = 1; } auto sol = nachia::LinearEquation(eq); if(sol.height() == 0){ cout << "-1\n"; return; } REP(i,opinfo.size()){ auto [x,y,k] = opinfo[i]; if(sol[0][i].val()) op(y,x,k); } sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); cout << ans.size() << "\n"; for(auto [a,b,c] : ans){ cout << a << " " << (b+1) << " " << (c+1) << "\n"; } } int main(){ cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); // ll T; cin >> T; REP(t,T) testcase(); return 0; }