#ifndef LOCAL #define FAST_IO #endif #define INT128 // ============ #include #define OVERRIDE(a, b, c, d, ...) d #define REP2(i, n) for (i32 i = 0; i < (i32)(n); ++i) #define REP3(i, m, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(m); i < (i32)(n); ++i) #define REP(...) OVERRIDE(__VA_ARGS__, REP3, REP2)(__VA_ARGS__) #define PER2(i, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(n)-1; i >= 0; --i) #define PER3(i, m, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(n)-1; i >= (i32)(m); --i) #define PER(...) OVERRIDE(__VA_ARGS__, PER3, PER2)(__VA_ARGS__) #define ALL(x) begin(x), end(x) #define LEN(x) (i32)(x.size()) using namespace std; using u32 = unsigned int; using u64 = unsigned long long; using i32 = signed int; using i64 = signed long long; using f64 = double; using f80 = long double; using pi = pair; using pl = pair; template using V = vector; template using VV = V>; template using VVV = V>>; template using VVVV = V>>>; template using PQR = priority_queue, greater>; template bool chmin(T &x, const T &y) { if (x > y) { x = y; return true; } return false; } template bool chmax(T &x, const T &y) { if (x < y) { x = y; return true; } return false; } template i32 lob(const V &arr, const T &v) { return (i32)(lower_bound(ALL(arr), v) - arr.begin()); } template i32 upb(const V &arr, const T &v) { return (i32)(upper_bound(ALL(arr), v) - arr.begin()); } template V argsort(const V &arr) { V ret(arr.size()); iota(ALL(ret), 0); sort(ALL(ret), [&](i32 i, i32 j) -> bool { if (arr[i] == arr[j]) { return i < j; } else { return arr[i] < arr[j]; } }); return ret; } #ifdef INT128 using u128 = __uint128_t; using i128 = __int128_t; #endif [[maybe_unused]] constexpr i32 INF = 1000000100; [[maybe_unused]] constexpr i64 INF64 = 3000000000000000100; struct SetUpIO { SetUpIO() { #ifdef FAST_IO ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); #endif cout << fixed << setprecision(15); } } set_up_io; void scan(char &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(u32 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(u64 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(i32 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(i64 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(f64 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(string &x) { cin >> x; } template void scan(V &x) { for (T &ele : x) { scan(ele); } } void read() {} template void read(Head &head, Tail &...tail) { scan(head); read(tail...); } #define CHAR(...) \ char __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define U32(...) \ u32 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define U64(...) \ u64 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define I32(...) \ i32 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define I64(...) \ i64 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define F64(...) \ f64 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define STR(...) \ string __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define VEC(type, name, size) \ V name(size); \ read(name); #define VVEC(type, name, size1, size2) \ VV name(size1, V(size2)); \ read(name); // ============ #ifdef DEBUGF #else #define DBG(...) (void)0 #endif // ============ // ============ #include #include template M inv(int n) { static std::vector data{M::raw(0), M::raw(1)}; static constexpr unsigned MOD = M::get_mod(); assert(0 < n); while ((int)data.size() <= n) { unsigned k = (unsigned)data.size(); unsigned r = MOD / k + 1; data.push_back(M::raw(r) * data[k * r - MOD]); } return data[n]; } template M fact(int n) { static std::vector data{M::raw(1), M::raw(1)}; assert(0 <= n); while ((int)data.size() <= n) { unsigned k = (unsigned)data.size(); data.push_back(M::raw(k) * data.back()); } return data[n]; } template M inv_fact(int n) { static std::vector data{M::raw(1), M::raw(1)}; assert(0 <= n); while ((int)data.size() <= n) { unsigned k = (unsigned)data.size(); data.push_back(inv(k) * data.back()); } return data[n]; } template M binom(int n, int k) { assert(0 <= n); if (k < 0 || n < k) { return M::raw(0); } return fact(n) * inv_fact(k) * inv_fact(n - k); } template M n_terms_sum_k(int n, int k) { assert(0 <= n && 0 <= k); if (n == 0) { return (k == 0 ? M::raw(1) : M::raw(0)); } return binom(n + k - 1, n - 1); } // ============ // ============ #include #include #include // ============ #include #include #include // ============ #include constexpr bool is_prime(unsigned n) { if (n == 0 || n == 1) { return false; } for (unsigned i = 2; i * i <= n; ++i) { if (n % i == 0) { return false; } } return true; } constexpr unsigned mod_pow(unsigned x, unsigned y, unsigned mod) { unsigned ret = 1, self = x; while (y != 0) { if (y & 1) { ret = (unsigned)((unsigned long long)ret * self % mod); } self = (unsigned)((unsigned long long)self * self % mod); y /= 2; } return ret; } template constexpr unsigned primitive_root() { static_assert(is_prime(mod), "`mod` must be a prime number."); if (mod == 2) { return 1; } unsigned primes[32] = {}; int it = 0; { unsigned m = mod - 1; for (unsigned i = 2; i * i <= m; ++i) { if (m % i == 0) { primes[it++] = i; while (m % i == 0) { m /= i; } } } if (m != 1) { primes[it++] = m; } } for (unsigned i = 2; i < mod; ++i) { bool ok = true; for (int j = 0; j < it; ++j) { if (mod_pow(i, (mod - 1) / primes[j], mod) == 1) { ok = false; break; } } if (ok) return i; } return 0; } // y >= 1 template constexpr T safe_mod(T x, T y) { x %= y; if (x < 0) { x += y; } return x; } // y != 0 template constexpr T floor_div(T x, T y) { if (y < 0) { x *= -1; y *= -1; } if (x >= 0) { return x / y; } else { return -((-x + y - 1) / y); } } // y != 0 template constexpr T ceil_div(T x, T y) { if (y < 0) { x *= -1; y *= -1; } if (x >= 0) { return (x + y - 1) / y; } else { return -(-x / y); } } // b >= 1 // returns (g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), a * x = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b / g // from ACL template std::pair extgcd(T a, T b) { a = safe_mod(a, b); T s = b, t = a, m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) { T u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; std::swap(s, t); std::swap(m0, m1); } if (m0 < 0) { m0 += b / s; } return std::pair(s, m0); } // b >= 1 // returns (g, x, y) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), a * x + b * y = g, 0 <= x < b / g, |y| < max(2, |a| / g) template std::tuple extgcd2(T a, T b) { T _a = safe_mod(a, b); T quot = (a - _a) / b; T x00 = 0, x01 = 1, y0 = b; T x10 = 1, x11 = -quot, y1 = _a; while (y1) { T u = y0 / y1; x00 -= u * x10; x01 -= u * x11; y0 -= u * y1; std::swap(x00, x10); std::swap(x01, x11); std::swap(y0, y1); } if (x00 < 0) { x00 += b / y0; x01 -= a / y0; } return std::tuple(y0, x00, x01); } // gcd(x, m) == 1 template T inv_mod(T x, T m) { return extgcd(x, m).second; } // ============ template struct ModInt { static_assert(mod != 0, "`mod` must not be equal to 0."); static_assert(mod < (1u << 31), "`mod` must be less than (1u << 31) = 2147483648."); unsigned val; static constexpr unsigned get_mod() { return mod; } constexpr ModInt() : val(0) {} template > * = nullptr> constexpr ModInt(T x) : val((unsigned)((long long)x % (long long)mod + (x < 0 ? mod : 0))) {} template > * = nullptr> constexpr ModInt(T x) : val((unsigned)(x % mod)) {} static constexpr ModInt raw(unsigned x) { ModInt ret; ret.val = x; return ret; } constexpr unsigned get_val() const { return val; } constexpr ModInt operator+() const { return *this; } constexpr ModInt operator-() const { return ModInt(0u) - *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &rhs) { val += rhs.val; if (val >= mod) val -= mod; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &rhs) { val -= rhs.val; if (val >= mod) val += mod; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &rhs) { val = (unsigned long long)val * rhs.val % mod; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &rhs) { val = (unsigned long long)val * rhs.inv().val % mod; return *this; } friend constexpr ModInt operator+(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) += rhs; } friend constexpr ModInt operator-(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) -= rhs; } friend constexpr ModInt operator*(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) *= rhs; } friend constexpr ModInt operator/(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) /= rhs; } constexpr ModInt pow(unsigned long long x) const { ModInt ret = ModInt::raw(1); ModInt self = *this; while (x != 0) { if (x & 1) ret *= self; self *= self; x >>= 1; } return ret; } constexpr ModInt inv() const { static_assert(is_prime(mod), "`mod` must be a prime number."); assert(val != 0); return this->pow(mod - 2); } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, ModInt &x) { long long val; is >> val; x.val = val % mod + (val < 0 ? mod : 0); return is; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModInt &x) { os << x.val; return os; } friend bool operator==(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; } friend bool operator!=(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; } }; template void debug(ModInt x) { std::cerr << x.val; } // ============ constexpr int ctz_constexpr(unsigned n) { int x = 0; while (!(n & (1u << x))) { ++x; } return x; } template struct FFTRoot { static constexpr unsigned R = ctz_constexpr(MOD - 1); std::array, R + 1> root, iroot; std::array, R> rate2, irate2; std::array, R - 1> rate3, irate3; std::array, R + 1> inv2; constexpr FFTRoot() : root{}, iroot{}, rate2{}, irate2{}, rate3{}, irate3{}, inv2{} { unsigned pr = primitive_root(); root[R] = ModInt(pr).pow(MOD >> R); iroot[R] = root[R].inv(); for (int i = R - 1; i >= 0; --i) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } ModInt prod(1), iprod(1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)R - 1; ++i) { rate2[i] = prod * root[i + 2]; irate2[i] = iprod * iroot[i + 2]; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = ModInt(1); iprod = ModInt(1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)R - 2; ++i) { rate3[i] = prod * root[i + 3]; irate3[i] = iprod * iroot[i + 3]; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } ModInt i2 = ModInt(2).inv(); inv2[0] = ModInt(1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)R; ++i) { inv2[i + 1] = inv2[i] * i2; } } }; template void fft(M *a, int n) { using ull = unsigned long long; static_assert(M::get_mod() < (1u << 30)); static constexpr FFTRoot fftroot; static constexpr ull CEIL = 2ULL * M::get_mod() * M::get_mod(); int l = __builtin_ctz(n); int ph = 0; while (ph < l) { if (ph + 1 == l) { int b = 1 << ph; M z = M::raw(1); for (int i = 0; i < b; ++i) { int offset = i << 1; M x = a[offset]; M y = a[offset + 1] * z; a[offset] = x + y; a[offset + 1] = x - y; z *= fftroot.rate2[__builtin_ctz(~i)]; } ++ph; } else { int bl = 1 << ph; int wd = 1 << (l - 2 - ph); M zeta = M::raw(1); for (int i = 0; i < bl; ++i) { int offset = i << (l - ph); M zeta2 = zeta * zeta; M zeta3 = zeta2 * zeta; for (int j = 0; j < wd; ++j) { ull w = a[offset + j].val; ull x = (ull)a[offset + j + wd].val * zeta.val; ull y = (ull)a[offset + j + 2 * wd].val * zeta2.val; ull z = (ull)a[offset + j + 3 * wd].val * zeta3.val; ull ix_m_iz = (CEIL + x - z) % M::get_mod() * fftroot.root[2].val; a[offset + j] = M(w + x + y + z); a[offset + j + wd] = M(CEIL + w - x + y - z); a[offset + j + 2 * wd] = M(CEIL + w - y + ix_m_iz); a[offset + j + 3 * wd] = M(CEIL + w - y - ix_m_iz); } zeta *= fftroot.rate3[__builtin_ctz(~i)]; } ph += 2; } } } template void ifft(M *a, int n) { using ull = unsigned long long; static_assert(M::get_mod() < (1u << 30)); static constexpr FFTRoot fftroot; int l = __builtin_ctz(n); int ph = l; while (ph > 0) { if (ph == 1) { --ph; int wd = 1 << (l - 1); for (int i = 0; i < wd; ++i) { M x = a[i]; M y = a[i + wd]; a[i] = x + y; a[i + wd] = x - y; } } else { ph -= 2; int bl = 1 << ph; int wd = 1 << (l - 2 - ph); M zeta = M::raw(1); for (int i = 0; i < bl; ++i) { int offset = i << (l - ph); M zeta2 = zeta * zeta; M zeta3 = zeta2 * zeta; for (int j = 0; j < wd; ++j) { unsigned w = a[offset + j].val; unsigned x = a[offset + j + wd].val; unsigned y = a[offset + j + 2 * wd].val; unsigned z = a[offset + j + 3 * wd].val; unsigned iy_m_iz = (ull)(M::get_mod() + y - z) * fftroot.root[2].val % M::get_mod(); a[offset + j] = M(w + x + y + z); a[offset + j + wd] = M((ull)zeta.val * (2 * M::get_mod() + w - x - iy_m_iz)); a[offset + j + 2 * wd] = M((ull)zeta2.val * (2 * M::get_mod() + w + x - y - z)); a[offset + j + 3 * wd] = M((ull)zeta3.val * (M::get_mod() + w - x + iy_m_iz)); } zeta *= fftroot.irate3[__builtin_ctz(~i)]; } } } for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { a[i] *= fftroot.inv2[l]; } } template void fft(std::vector &a) { fft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } template void ifft(std::vector &a) { ifft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } template std::vector convolve_naive(const std::vector &a, const std::vector &b) { int n = (int)a.size(); int m = (int)b.size(); std::vector c(n + m - 1); if (n < m) { for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { c[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } } else { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) { c[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } } return c; } template std::vector convolve_fft(std::vector a, std::vector b) { int n = (int)a.size() + (int)b.size() - 1; int m = 1; while (m < n) { m <<= 1; } bool shr = false; M last; if (n >= 3 && n == m / 2 + 1) { shr = true; last = a.back() * b.back(); m /= 2; while ((int)a.size() > m) { a[(int)a.size() - 1 - m] += a.back(); a.pop_back(); } while ((int)b.size() > m) { b[(int)b.size() - 1 - m] += b.back(); b.pop_back(); } } a.resize(m); b.resize(m); fft(a); fft(b); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { a[i] *= b[i]; } ifft(a); a.resize(n); if (shr) { a[0] -= last; a[n - 1] = last; } return a; } template std::vector convolve(const std::vector &a, const std::vector &b) { if (a.empty() || b.empty()) { return std::vector(0); } if (std::min(a.size(), b.size()) <= 60) { return convolve_naive(a, b); } else { return convolve_fft(a, b); } } template std::vector convolve_square_fft(std::vector a) { int n = (int)2 * a.size() - 1; int m = 1; while (m < n) { m <<= 1; } bool shr = false; M last; if (n >= 3 && n == m / 2 + 1) { shr = true; last = a.back() * a.back(); m /= 2; while ((int)a.size() > m) { a[(int)a.size() - 1 - m] += a.back(); a.pop_back(); } } a.resize(m); fft(a); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { a[i] *= a[i]; } ifft(a); a.resize(n); if (shr) { a[0] -= last; a[n - 1] = last; } return a; } template std::vector convolve_square(const std::vector &a) { if (a.empty()) { return std::vector(0); } if ((int)a.size() <= 60) { return convolve_naive(a, a); } else { return convolve_square_fft(a); } } template void transposed_fft(M *a, int n) { ifft(a, n); std::reverse(a + 1, a + n); M c(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { a[i] *= c; } } template void transposed_fft(std::vector &a) { transposed_fft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } template void transposed_ifft(M *a, int n) { static constexpr FFTRoot roots; std::reverse(a + 1, a + n); fft(a, n); M c = roots.inv2[__builtin_ctz(n)]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { a[i] *= c; } } template void transposed_ifft(std::vector &a) { transposed_ifft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } // ============ // ============ // ============ // ============ // ============ // ============ #include // f(x) -> f(x+c) template std::vector taylor_shift(std::vector f, M c) { for (int i = 0; i < (int)f.size(); ++i) { f[i] *= fact(i); } std::reverse(f.begin(), f.end()); M cp(1); std::vector g(f.size()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)f.size(); ++i) { g[i] = cp * inv_fact(i); cp *= c; } std::vector h = convolve(f, g); h.resize(f.size()); std::reverse(h.begin(), h.end()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)f.size(); ++i) { h[i] *= inv_fact(i); } return h; } // ============ template std::vector transposed_power_projection(int n, const std::vector &f, const std::vector &g) { static constexpr FFTRoot roots; static constexpr M INV2 = M(2).inv(); int lg = __builtin_ctz(n); std::vector btr(n, 0); for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { btr[i] = (btr[i >> 1] >> 1) | ((i & 1) << (lg - 1)); } M omega = roots.iroot[lg + 1]; M pw(1); std::vector invs(n); for (int idx : btr) { invs[idx] = pw; pw *= omega; } std::vector p = g; std::reverse(p.begin(), p.end()); transposed_ifft(p); p.resize(2 * n); std::vector q(2 * n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { q[2 * i] = -f[i]; } q[0] += M(1); auto rec = [&](auto rec, int h, int w) -> void { if (h == 1) { return; } M omega = roots.root[__builtin_ctz(w) + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i += 2 * w) { std::copy(q.begin() + i, q.begin() + i + w, q.begin() + i + w); ifft(q.data() + i + w, w); if (i == 0) { q[i + w] -= M(2); } M pw(1); for (int j = i + w; j < i + 2 * w; ++j) { q[j] *= pw; pw *= omega; } fft(q.data() + i + w, w); } std::vector> rq(2 * w, std::vector(2 * h)); std::vector wq(h); for (int j = 0; j < 2 * w; ++j) { for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) { rq[j][i] = q[2 * w * i + j]; } fft(rq[j]); for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) { wq[i] = rq[j][2 * i] * rq[j][2 * i + 1]; } ifft(wq); for (int i = 0; i < h / 2; ++i) { q[4 * w * i + j] = wq[i]; q[4 * w * i + j + 2 * w] = M(); } } rec(rec, h / 2, w * 2); std::vector rp(2 * h); for (int j = 0; j < 2 * w; ++j) { for (int i = 0; i < h / 2; ++i) { wq[i] = p[4 * w * i + j]; } std::fill(wq.begin() + h / 2, wq.end(), M()); transposed_ifft(wq); for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) { rp[2 * i] = wq[i] * rq[j][2 * i + 1] * INV2 * invs[i]; rp[2 * i + 1] = -wq[i] * rq[j][2 * i] * INV2 * invs[i]; } transposed_fft(rp); for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) { p[2 * w * i + j] = rp[i]; } } for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i += 2 * w) { transposed_fft(p.data() + i + w, w); M pw(1); for (int j = i + w; j < i + 2 * w; ++j) { p[j] *= pw; pw *= omega; } transposed_ifft(p.data() + i + w, w); for (int j = i; j < i + w; ++j) { p[j] += p[j + w]; p[j + w] = M(); } } }; rec(rec, n, 1); std::vector ans(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { ans[i] = p[2 * i]; } reverse(ans.begin(), ans.end()); return ans; } // f(g(x)), length: max(f.size(), g.size()) template std::vector compose(std::vector f, std::vector g) { if (f.empty() || g.empty()) { return std::vector(); } int m = (int)std::max(f.size(), g.size()); int n = 1; while (n < m) { n *= 2; } f.resize(n); g.resize(n); if (g[0] != M()) { f = taylor_shift(f, g[0]); g[0] = M(); } std::vector h = transposed_power_projection(n, g, f); h.resize(m); return h; } // ============ // ============ // ============ #include // ============ // ============ // ============ // ============ template std::vector fps_exp(const std::vector &h, int len = -1) { static constexpr FFTRoot fftroot; if (len == -1) { len = (int)h.size(); } assert((int)h.size() >= 1 && h[0] == M(0) && len >= 0); if (len == 0) { return std::vector(); } std::vector f(1, M(1)), g(1, M(1)); std::vector fft_f(1, M(1)); while ((int)f.size() < len) { int n = (int)f.size(); f.resize(2 * n, M()); g.resize(2 * n, M()); std::vector fft_g = g; fft(fft_g); fft_f.resize(2 * n); { M cur(1); M zeta = fftroot.root[__builtin_ctz(n) + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { fft_f[n + i] = f[i] * cur; cur *= zeta; } } fft(fft_f.data() + n, n); std::vector delta(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { delta[i] = fft_f[i] * fft_g[i]; } ifft(delta); delta.resize(2 * n, M()); std::rotate(delta.begin(), delta.begin() + n, delta.end()); delta[n] -= M(1); std::vector eps(n, M()); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { eps[i] = f[i + 1] * M(i + 1); } fft(eps); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { eps[i] *= fft_g[i]; } ifft(eps); eps.resize(2 * n, M()); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { M tmp = (i + 1 < (int)h.size() ? h[i + 1] * M(i + 1) : M()); eps[n + i] = eps[i] - tmp; eps[i] = tmp; } std::vector fft_dh(2 * n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { M tmp = (i + 1 < (int)h.size() ? h[i + 1] * M(i + 1) : M()); fft_dh[i] = tmp; } fft(fft_dh); fft(delta); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { delta[i] *= fft_dh[i]; } ifft(delta); for (int i = n; i < 2 * n; ++i) { eps[i] -= delta[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; ++i) { M tmp = (i + 1 < (int)h.size() ? h[i + 1] * M(i + 1) : M()); eps[i] -= tmp; } for (int i = 2 * n - 1; i >= 1; --i) { eps[i] = eps[i - 1] * inv(i); } eps[0] = M(0); fft(eps); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { eps[i] *= fft_f[i]; } ifft(eps); for (int i = n; i < 2 * n; ++i) { f[i] = -eps[i]; } if (2 * n >= len) { break; } fft_f = f; fft(fft_f); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { eps[i] = fft_f[i] * fft_g[i]; } ifft(eps); std::fill(eps.begin(), eps.begin() + n, M(0)); fft(eps); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { eps[i] *= fft_g[i]; } ifft(eps); for (int i = n; i < 2 * n; ++i) { g[i] = -eps[i]; } } f.resize(len); return f; } // ============ // ============ // ============ // ============ // ============ #include // ============ // ============ // 10 FFT(n) template std::vector fps_inv(const std::vector &f, int len = -1) { if (len == -1) { len = (int)f.size(); } assert(!f.empty() && f[0] != T(0) && len >= 0); std::vector g(1, T(1) / f[0]); while ((int)g.size() < len) { int n = (int)g.size(); std::vector fft_f(2 * n), fft_g(2 * n); std::copy(f.begin(), f.begin() + std::min(2 * n, (int)f.size()), fft_f.begin()); std::copy(g.begin(), g.end(), fft_g.begin()); fft(fft_f); fft(fft_g); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { fft_f[i] *= fft_g[i]; } ifft(fft_f); std::fill(fft_f.begin(), fft_f.begin() + n, T(0)); fft(fft_f); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { fft_f[i] *= fft_g[i]; } ifft(fft_f); g.resize(2 * n); for (int i = n; i < 2 * n; ++i) { g[i] = -fft_f[i]; } } g.resize(len); return g; } // ============ template std::vector fps_log(const std::vector &f, int len = -1) { if (len == -1) { len = (int)f.size(); } int n = (int)f.size(); assert(n >= 1 && f[0] == T(1) && len >= 0); if (len == 0) { return std::vector(); } std::vector df(std::min(n - 1, len - 1)); for (int i = 0; i < (int)df.size(); ++i) { df[i] = f[i + 1] * T(i + 1); } std::vector invf = fps_inv(f, len - 1); std::vector ret = convolve(df, invf); ret.resize(len); for (int i = len - 1; i >= 1; --i) { ret[i] = ret[i - 1] * inv(i); } ret[0] = T(0); return ret; } // ============ template std::vector fps_pow_constant_1(const std::vector &f, T m, int len = -1) { if (len == -1) { len = (int)f.size(); } assert(!f.empty() && f[0] == T(1) && 0 <= len); if (len == 0) { return std::vector(); } std::vector g = fps_log(f, len); for (T &elem : g) { elem *= m; } return fps_exp(g); } template std::vector fps_pow(const std::vector &f, long long m, int len = -1) { if (len == -1) { len = (int)f.size(); } assert(0 <= m && 0 <= len); int n = (int)f.size(); if (m == 0) { std::vector g(len); if (len) { g[0] = T(1); } return g; } if (n == 0) { return std::vector(len); } int ord = -1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (f[i] != T()) { ord = i; break; } } // ord * m >= len if (ord == -1 || (long long)ord >= ((long long)len + m - 1) / m) { return std::vector(len); } int off = ord * m; std::vector g(f.begin() + ord, f.end()); T c = g[0]; T c_inv = T(1) / c; for (T &elem : g) { elem *= c_inv; } g = fps_pow_constant_1(g, T(m), len - off); c = c.pow(m); std::vector h(len); for (int i = 0; i < (int)g.size(); ++i) { h[off + i] = g[i] * c; } return h; } // ============ // ============ // ============ using M = ModInt<998244353>; void solve() { I32(n); I64(m); I32(k); I64(x); if (m <= k || n <= k) { REP(i, 1, n + 1) { cout << M(m).pow(i) << '\n'; } return; } V f(n + 1); REP(i, 1, n + 1) { f[i] = inv_fact(i); } f = fps_pow(f, k); REP(i, n + 1) { f[i] *= fact(i); } { M ch = inv_fact(k); REP(i, 1, k + 1) { ch *= M(m - i); } REP(i, n + 1) { f[i] *= ch; } } V comp(n + 1); REP(i, n + 1) { comp[i] = M(i + 1).pow(x); } V cf = compose(comp, f); V g(n + 1); { V coeff1(n + 1); M ch(1); REP(i, 1, k + 1) { ch *= M(m - i + 1); ch *= inv(i); coeff1[i] = ch; } V coeff2(n + 1); REP(i, 1, n + 1) { coeff2[i] = inv_fact(i); } g = compose(coeff1, coeff2); REP(i, n + 1) { g[i] *= fact(i); } } DBG(g); V conv = convolve(cf, g); REP(i, 1, n + 1) { cout << conv[i] << '\n'; } } int main() { i32 t = 1; // cin >> t; while (t--) { solve(); } }