#include #include using namespace std; using namespace atcoder; // using mint = modint1000000007; // const int mod = 1000000007; using mint = modint998244353; const int mod = 998244353; // const int INF = 1e9; // const long long LINF = 1e18; #define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) #define rep2(i, l, r) for (int i = (l); i < (r); ++i) #define rrep(i, n) for (int i = (n)-1; i >= 0; --i) #define rrep2(i, l, r) for (int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); --i) #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define allR(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend() //#define P pair template inline bool chmax(A& a, const B& b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template inline bool chmin(A& a, const B& b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } /** * @file factorial.hpp * @brief 形式的冪級数の階乗関連処理 * @author kwm_t * @see https://github.com/kwm-t/cp-library/blob/main/math/fps/factorial.hpp */ #ifndef KWM_T_MATH_FPS_FACTORIAL_HPP #define KWM_T_MATH_FPS_FACTORIAL_HPP #include namespace kwm_t::math::fps { /** * @brief 階乗・逆階乗テーブル * * fac[i] = i! * finv[i] = (i!)^{-1} * * @tparam mint modint型 */ template struct Factorial { int n; std::vector fac, finv; explicit Factorial(int n = 0) : n(n), fac(n + 1, 1), finv(n + 1, 1) { if (n == 0) return; for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i; finv[n] = fac[n].inv(); for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i) finv[i - 1] = finv[i] * i; } // nCk mint comb(int n, int k) const { if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0; return fac[n] * finv[k] * finv[n - k]; } mint binom(int n, int k) const { return comb(n, k); } // nPk mint perm(int n, int k) const { if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0; return fac[n] * finv[n - k]; } }; } // namespace kwm_t::math::fps #endif // KWM_T_MATH_FPS_FACTORIAL_HPP /** * @file fps.hpp * @brief 形式的冪級数(FPS) * @author kwm_t * @see https://github.com/kwm-t/cp-library/blob/main/math/fps/fps.hpp */ #ifndef KWM_T_MATH_FPS_FPS_HPP #define KWM_T_MATH_FPS_FPS_HPP #include #include // #include "factorial.hpp" #include "atcoder/convolution" namespace kwm_t::math::fps { template struct FormalPowerSeries : std::vector { FormalPowerSeries(const std::vector& vec) : std::vector(vec) {} using std::vector::vector; using std::vector::operator=; using F = FormalPowerSeries; F operator-() const { F res(*this); for (auto& e : res) e = -e; return res; } F& operator*=(const T& g) { for (auto& e : *this) e *= g; return *this; } F& operator/=(const T& g) { assert(g != T(0)); *this *= g.inv(); return *this; } F& operator+=(const F& g) { int n = this->size(), m = g.size(); for (int i = 0; i < std::min(n, m); ++i) (*this)[i] += g[i]; return *this; } F& operator-=(const F& g) { int n = this->size(), m = g.size(); for (int i = 0; i < std::min(n, m); ++i)(*this)[i] -= g[i]; return *this; } F& operator<<=(const int d) { int n = this->size(); if (d >= n) *this = F(n); this->insert(this->begin(), d, 0); this->resize(n); return *this; } F& operator>>=(const int d) { int n = this->size(); this->erase(this->begin(), this->begin() + min(n, d)); this->resize(n); return *this; } // O(n log n) F& inv_inplace(int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); assert(n != 0 && (*this)[0] != 0); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0); F res{ (*this)[0].inv() }; for (int m = 1; m < d; m *= 2) { F f(this->begin(), this->begin() + std::min(n, 2 * m)); F g(res); f.resize(2 * m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(f); g.resize(2 * m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(g); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) f[i] *= g[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(f); f.erase(f.begin(), f.begin() + m); f.resize(2 * m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(f); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) f[i] *= g[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(f); T iz = T(2 * m).inv(); iz *= -iz; for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) f[i] *= iz; res.insert(res.end(), f.begin(), f.begin() + m); } res.resize(d); *this = std::move(res); return *this; } F inv(int d = -1) const { return F(*this).inv_inplace(d); } F& add_inplace(const F& g, int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0); this->resize(d); for (int i = 0; i < std::min(d, (int)g.size()); ++i) (*this)[i] += g[i]; return *this; } F& add_resize_inplace(const F& g) { return add_inplace(g, std::max((int)this->size(), (int)g.size())); } F add(const F& g, int d = -1) const { return F(*this).add_inplace(g, d); } F add_resize(const F& g) const { return F(*this).add_resize_inplace(g); } F& sub_inplace(const F& g, int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0); this->resize(d); for (int i = 0; i < std::min(d, (int)g.size()); ++i) (*this)[i] -= g[i]; return *this; } F& sub_resize_inplace(const F& g) { return sub_inplace(g, std::max((int)this->size(), (int)g.size())); } F sub(const F& g, int d = -1) const { return F(*this).sub_inplace(g, d); } F sub_resize(const F& g) const { return F(*this).sub_resize_inplace(g); } // fast: FMT-friendly modulus only // O(n log n) F& multiply_inplace(const F& g, int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0); *this = convolution(move(*this), g); this->resize(d); return *this; } F& multiply_resize_inplace(const F& g) { return multiply_inplace(g, (int)this->size() + (int)g.size() - 1); } F multiply(const F& g, const int d = -1) const { return F(*this).multiply_inplace(g, d); } F multiply_resize(const F& g) const { return F(*this).multiply_resize_inplace(g); } // O(n log n) F& divide_inplace(const F& g, int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0); *this = convolution(move(*this), g.inv(d)); this->resize(d); return *this; } F& divide_resize_inplace(const F& g) { return divide_inplace(g, (int)this->size() + (int)g.size() - 1); } F divide(const F& g, const int d = -1) const { return F(*this).divide_inplace(g, d); } F divide_resize(const F& g) const { return F(*this).divide_resize_inplace(g); } // sparse // O(nk) F& multiply_inplace(std::vector> g) { int n = this->size(); auto [d, c] = g.front(); if (d == 0) g.erase(g.begin()); else c = 0; for (int i = (n - 1); i >= 0; --i) { (*this)[i] *= c; for (auto& [j, b] : g) { if (j > i) break; (*this)[i] += (*this)[i - j] * b; } } return *this; } F multiply(const std::vector>& g) const { return F(*this).multiply_inplace(g); } // O(nk) F& divide_inplace(std::vector> g) { int n = this->size(); auto [d, c] = g.front(); assert(d == 0 && c != T(0)); T ic = c.inv(); g.erase(g.begin()); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (auto& [j, b] : g) { if (j > i) break; (*this)[i] -= (*this)[i - j] * b; } (*this)[i] *= ic; } return *this; } F divide(const std::vector>& g) const { return F(*this).divide_inplace(g); } // divide by x^shift * h(x), where h(0) != 0 // return the removed shift amount // O(nk) int divide_shifted_inplace(std::vector> g) { int n = this->size(); assert(!g.empty()); int shift = g.front().first; // remove x^shift *this >>= shift; for (auto& [d, c] : g) d -= shift; assert(g.front().first == 0); assert(g.front().second != T(0)); divide_inplace(std::move(g)); return shift; } F divide_shifted(const std::vector>& g) const { return F(*this).divide_shifted_inplace(g); } // multiply and divide (1 + cz^d) // O(n) void multiply_inplace(const int d, const T c) { int n = this->size(); if (c == T(1)) for (int i = (n - d - 1); i >= 0; --i) (*this)[i + d] += (*this)[i]; else if (c == T(-1)) for (int i = (n - d - 1); i >= 0; --i) (*this)[i + d] -= (*this)[i]; else for (int i = (n - d - 1); i >= 0; --i) (*this)[i + d] += (*this)[i] * c; } // O(n) void divide_inplace(const int d, const T c) { int n = this->size(); if (c == T(1)) for (int i = 0; i < n - d; ++i) (*this)[i + d] -= (*this)[i]; else if (c == T(-1)) for (int i = 0; i < n - d; ++i) (*this)[i + d] += (*this)[i]; else for (int i = 0; i < n - d; ++i) (*this)[i + d] -= (*this)[i] * c; } // O(n) T eval(const T& a) const { T x(1), res(0); for (auto e : *this) res += e * x, x *= a; return res; } // O(n) F& integ_inplace() { int n = this->size(); assert(n > 0); if (n == 1) return *this = F{ 0 }; this->insert(this->begin(), 0); this->pop_back(); std::vector inv(n); inv[1] = 1; int p = T::mod(); for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i) inv[i] = -inv[p % i] * (p / i); for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] *= inv[i]; return *this; } F integ() const { return F(*this).integ_inplace(); } // O(n) F& deriv_inplace() { int n = this->size(); assert(n > 0); for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] *= i; this->erase(this->begin()); this->push_back(0); return *this; } F deriv() const { return F(*this).deriv_inplace(); } // O(n log n) F& log_inplace(int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); assert(n > 0 && (*this)[0] == 1); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0); this->resize(d); F f_inv = this->inv(); this->deriv_inplace(); this->multiply_inplace(f_inv); this->integ_inplace(); return *this; } F log(const int d = -1) const { return F(*this).log_inplace(d); } // O(n log n) // https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.5804 (Figure 1, right) F& exp_inplace(int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); assert(n > 0 && (*this)[0] == 0); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0); F g{ 1 }, g_fft{ 1, 1 }; (*this)[0] = 1; this->resize(d); F h_drv(this->deriv()); for (int m = 2; m < d; m *= 2) { // prepare F f_fft(this->begin(), this->begin() + m); f_fft.resize(2 * m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(f_fft); // Step 2.a' // { F _g(m); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) _g[i] = f_fft[i] * g_fft[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(_g); _g.erase(_g.begin(), _g.begin() + m / 2); _g.resize(m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(_g); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) _g[i] *= g_fft[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(_g); _g.resize(m / 2); _g /= T(-m) * m; g.insert(g.end(), _g.begin(), _g.begin() + m / 2); // } // Step 2.b'--d' F t(this->begin(), this->begin() + m); t.deriv_inplace(); // { // Step 2.b' F r{ h_drv.begin(), h_drv.begin() + m - 1 }; // Step 2.c' r.resize(m); atcoder::internal::butterfly(r); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) r[i] *= f_fft[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(r); r /= -m; // Step 2.d' t += r; t.insert(t.begin(), t.back()); t.pop_back(); // } // Step 2.e' if (2 * m < d) { t.resize(2 * m); atcoder::internal::butterfly(t); g_fft = g; g_fft.resize(2 * m); atcoder::internal::butterfly(g_fft); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) t[i] *= g_fft[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(t); t.resize(m); t /= 2 * m; } else { // この場合分けをしても数パーセントしか速くならない F g1(g.begin() + m / 2, g.end()); F s1(t.begin() + m / 2, t.end()); t.resize(m / 2); g1.resize(m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(g1); t.resize(m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(t); s1.resize(m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(s1); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) s1[i] = g_fft[i] * s1[i] + g1[i] * t[i]; for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) t[i] *= g_fft[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(t); atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(s1); for (int i = 0; i < m / 2; ++i) t[i + m / 2] += s1[i]; t /= m; } // Step 2.f' F v(this->begin() + m, this->begin() + std::min(d, 2 * m)); v.resize(m); t.insert(t.begin(), m - 1, 0); t.push_back(0); t.integ_inplace(); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) v[i] -= t[m + i]; // Step 2.g' v.resize(2 * m); atcoder::internal::butterfly(v); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) v[i] *= f_fft[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(v); v.resize(m); v /= 2 * m; // Step 2.h' for (int i = 0; i < std::min(d - m, m); ++i)(*this)[m + i] = v[i]; } return *this; } F exp(const int d = -1) const { return F(*this).exp_inplace(d); } // O(n log n) F& pow_inplace(const long long k, int d = -1) { int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(d >= 0 && k >= 0); if (k == 0) { *this = F(d); if (d > 0) (*this)[0] = 1; return *this; } int l = 0; while (l < n && (*this)[l] == 0) ++l; if (l > (d - 1) / k || l == n) return *this = F(d); T c = (*this)[l]; this->erase(this->begin(), this->begin() + l); *this /= c; this->log_inplace(d - l * k); *this *= k; this->exp_inplace(); *this *= c.pow(k); this->insert(this->begin(), l * k, 0); return *this; } F pow(const long long k, const int d = -1) const { return F(*this).pow_inplace(k, d); } // O(n log n) F& shift_inplace(const T c) { int n = this->size(); auto fc = Factorial(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] *= fc.fac[i]; reverse(this->begin(), this->end()); F g(n); T cp = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) g[i] = cp * fc.finv[i], cp *= c; this->multiply_inplace(g, n); reverse(this->begin(), this->end()); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] *= fc.finv[i]; return *this; } F shift(const T c) const { return F(*this).shift_inplace(c); } F operator*(const T& g) const { return F(*this) *= g; } F operator/(const T& g) const { return F(*this) /= g; } F operator+(const F& g) const { return F(*this) += g; } F operator-(const F& g) const { return F(*this) -= g; } F operator<<(const int d) const { return F(*this) <<= d; } F operator>>(const int d) const { return F(*this) >>= d; } F operator*(std::vector> g) const { return F(*this) *= g; } F operator/(std::vector> g) const { return F(*this) /= g; } }; } // namespace kwm_t::math::fps #endif // KWM_T_MATH_FPS_FPS_HPP /** * @file builtin.hpp * @brief コンパイラ組み込み機能の補助 * @author kwm_t * @see https://github.com/kwm-t/cp-library/blob/main/base/builtin.hpp */ #ifndef KWM_T_BASE_BUILTIN_HPP #define KWM_T_BASE_BUILTIN_HPP /** * @brief ローカル環境用(MSC)builtin */ #ifdef _MSC_VER #include #define __builtin_popcount (int)__popcnt #define __builtin_popcountll (int)__popcnt64 inline int __builtin_ctz(unsigned int n) { unsigned long i; _BitScanForward(&i, n); return i; } inline int __builtin_ctzll(unsigned long long n) { unsigned long i; _BitScanForward64(&i, n); return i; } inline int __builtin_clz(unsigned int n) { unsigned long i; if (_BitScanReverse(&i, n)) { return 31 - i; }return 32; } inline int __builtin_clzll(unsigned long long n) { unsigned long i; if (_BitScanReverse64(&i, n)) { return 63 - i; }return 64; } #endif #endif // KWM_T_BASE_BUILTIN_HPP /** * @file multipoint_evaluation.hpp * @brief 多点評価 * @author kwm_t * @see https://github.com/kwm-t/cp-library/blob/main/math/fps/multipoint_evaluation.hpp */ #ifndef KWM_T_MATH_FPS_MULTIPOINT_EVALUATION_HPP #define KWM_T_MATH_FPS_MULTIPOINT_EVALUATION_HPP #include #include #include // #include "base/builtin.hpp" namespace kwm_t::math::fps { namespace detail { // 複数FPSの積(divide & conquer) template std::vector product_sequence(const std::vector>& polys) { if (polys.empty()) return { T(1) }; auto dfs = [&](auto&& self, int l, int r) -> std::vector { if (l + 1 == r) return polys[l]; int m = (l + r) >> 1; return atcoder::convolution( self(self, l, m), self(self, m, r) ); }; return dfs(dfs, 0, (int)polys.size()); } // 区間畳み込み(必要な範囲だけ取る) template std::vector convolution_range(std::vector a, std::vector b, int l, int r) { if (l >= r) return {}; if (l < 0) l = 0; while ((int)a.size() > r) a.pop_back(); while ((int)b.size() > r) b.pop_back(); int need = (int)a.size() + (int)b.size() - 1; need -= std::min(need - r, l); int z = 1; while (z < need) z <<= 1; a.resize(z, T(0)); b.resize(z, T(0)); atcoder::internal::butterfly(a); atcoder::internal::butterfly(b); for (int i = 0; i < z; i++) a[i] *= b[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(a); static std::vector inv = { T(1), T(1) / T(2) }; while ((int)inv.size() <= __builtin_ctz(z)) { inv.push_back(inv.back() * inv[1]); } std::vector res(r - l); T coef = inv[__builtin_ctz(z)]; for (int i = l; i < r; i++) { res[i - l] = a[i] * coef; } return res; } } // namespace detail /** * @brief 多点評価 * * f(x) を p[i] で評価する * * @tparam T modint * @param f 多項式 * @param p 評価点 * @return std::vector f(p[i]) * * 計算量: * O((n + m) log^2 n) * * verified * https://atcoder.jp/contests/fps-24/submissions/74606689 */ template std::vector multipoint_evaluation(std::vector f, const std::vector& p) { int N = (int)p.size(); int M = (int)f.size(); // reverse std::reverse(f.begin(), f.end()); // g[i] = (x - p[i]) std::vector> leaf(N); for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { leaf[i] = { T(1), -p[i] }; } // 全体積 auto prod = detail::product_sequence(leaf); // 逆元 auto inv = (FormalPowerSeries(prod)).inv(M); // f / prod auto tmp = atcoder::convolution(inv, f); tmp.resize(M); // セグ木構築 int size = 1; while (size < N) size <<= 1; std::vector> seg(2 * size, { T(1) }); for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { seg[size + i] = leaf[i]; } for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--) { seg[i] = atcoder::convolution(seg[i << 1], seg[i << 1 | 1]); } std::vector res(N); // remainder tree auto dfs = [&](auto&& self, int node, std::vector cur) -> void { if ((int)seg[node].size() == 1) return; if (node >= size) { res[node - size] = cur.back(); return; } const auto& L = seg[node << 1]; const auto& R = seg[node << 1 | 1]; self(self, node << 1, detail::convolution_range( cur, R, (int)cur.size() - (int)L.size() + 1, (int)cur.size() )); self(self, node << 1 | 1, detail::convolution_range( cur, L, (int)cur.size() - (int)R.size() + 1, (int)cur.size() )); }; dfs(dfs, 1, tmp); return res; } } // namespace kwm_t::math::fps #endif // KWM_T_MATH_FPS_MULTIPOINT_EVALUATION_HPP /** * @file lagrange.hpp * @brief Lagrange 補間 * @author kwm_t * @see https://github.com/kwm-t/cp-library/blob/main/math/modint/lagrange.hpp */ #ifndef KMW_T_MATH_MODINT_LAGRANGE_HPP #define KMW_T_MATH_MODINT_LAGRANGE_HPP #include /** * @brief ラグランジュ補間(0,1,...,Nでの値から f(x) を求める) * * 典型用途: * f(0), f(1), ..., f(N) が分かっているときに f(x) を求める * * 計算量: * O(N) * * @tparam Mint modint型 * * 制約 / 注意: * - mod は素数 * - x は long long * - y.size() >= 1 * verified * https://atcoder.jp/contests/arc230/submissions/79418709 */ namespace kmw_t::math::modint { template Mint lagrange_interpolation(const std::vector& y, long long x) { int N = (int)y.size() - 1; if (x <= N) return y[x]; std::vector invfac(N + 1, 1); Mint fac = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) fac *= i; invfac[N] = fac.inv(); for (int i = N; i > 0; i--) { invfac[i - 1] = invfac[i] * i; } std::vector dp(N + 1, 1), pd(N + 1, 1); for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { dp[i + 1] = dp[i] * (x - i); } for (int i = N; i > 0; i--) { pd[i - 1] = pd[i] * (x - i); } Mint res = 0; for (int i = 0; i <= N; i++) { Mint term = y[i] * dp[i] * pd[i] * invfac[i] * invfac[N - i]; if ((N - i) & 1) res -= term; else res += term; } return res; } /** * @brief Lagrange 補間による多項式の係数復元 * * y[i] = f(i) (0 <= i <= N) から * f(x) = c[0] + c[1]x + ... + c[N]x^N * の係数を復元する * * 計算量: * O(N log^2 N) * * @tparam Mint modint型 * * 制約 / 注意: * - mod は素数 * - N < mod * - y.size() >= 1 * * @return c[i] = x^i の係数 */ template std::vector lagrange_coefficients(const std::vector& y) { int N = (int)y.size(); if (N == 0) return {}; std::vector> p(4 * N); auto build = [&](auto&& self, int node, int l, int r) -> void { if (r - l == 1) { p[node] = { -Mint(l), Mint(1) }; return; } int mid = (l + r) / 2; self(self, node * 2, l, mid); self(self, node * 2 + 1, mid, r); p[node] = atcoder::convolution(p[node * 2], p[node * 2 + 1]); }; build(build, 1, 0, N); std::vector invfac(N, 1); Mint fac = 1; for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) fac *= i; invfac[N - 1] = fac.inv(); for (int i = N - 1; i > 0; i--) { invfac[i - 1] = invfac[i] * i; } std::vector res; auto combine = [&](auto&& self, int node, int l, int r) -> std::vector { if (r - l == 1) { Mint c = y[l] * invfac[l] * invfac[N - 1 - l]; if ((N - 1 - l) & 1) c = -c; return { c }; } int mid = (l + r) / 2; std::vector a = self(self, node * 2, l, mid); std::vector b = self(self, node * 2 + 1, mid, r); std::vector c1 = atcoder::convolution(a, p[node * 2 + 1]); std::vector c2 = atcoder::convolution(b, p[node * 2]); std::vector res(std::max(c1.size(), c2.size()), 0); for (int i = 0; i < (int)c1.size(); i++) res[i] += c1[i]; for (int i = 0; i < (int)c2.size(); i++) res[i] += c2[i]; return res; }; res = combine(combine, 1, 0, N); res.resize(N); return res; } } // namespace kmw_t::math::modint #endif // KMW_T_MATH_MODINT_LAGRANGE_HPP int main() { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); std::cin.tie(nullptr); int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vectora(n + 1), b(m + 1); rep(i, n + 1) { int x; cin >> x; a[i] = x; } rep(i, m + 1) { int x; cin >> x; b[i] = x; } // -m,n vectorx(n + m + 1); rep(i, n + m + 1)x[i] = i - m; auto f = kwm_t::math::fps::multipoint_evaluation(a, x); auto g2 = atcoder::convolution(f, b); vectorg(n + 1); rep(i, n + 1) g[i] = g2[m + i]; auto ans = kmw_t::math::modint::lagrange_coefficients(g); for (auto e : ans)cout << e.val() << " "; cout << endl; return 0; }