#include using namespace std; typedef long long signed int LL; typedef long long unsigned int LU; #define incID(i, l, r) for(int i = (l) ; i < (r); i++) #define incII(i, l, r) for(int i = (l) ; i <= (r); i++) #define decID(i, l, r) for(int i = (r) - 1; i >= (l); i--) #define decII(i, l, r) for(int i = (r) ; i >= (l); i--) #define inc(i, n) incID(i, 0, n) #define inc1(i, n) incII(i, 1, n) #define dec(i, n) decID(i, 0, n) #define dec1(i, n) decII(i, 1, n) #define inII(v, l, r) ((l) <= (v) && (v) <= (r)) #define inID(v, l, r) ((l) <= (v) && (v) < (r)) #define PB push_back #define EB emplace_back #define MP make_pair #define FI first #define SE second #define PQ priority_queue #define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end() #define RALL(v) v.rbegin(), v.rend() #define FOR(it, v) for(auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) #define RFOR(it, v) for(auto it = v.rbegin(); it != v.rend(); ++it) template bool setmin(T & a, T b) { if(b < a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } } template bool setmax(T & a, T b) { if(b > a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } } template bool setmineq(T & a, T b) { if(b <= a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } } template bool setmaxeq(T & a, T b) { if(b >= a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } } template T gcd(T a, T b) { return (b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b)); } template T lcm(T a, T b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; } // ---- ---- LL MOD; LL mod(LL x, LL m = MOD) { return (x % m + m) % m; } pair ex_gcd(LL a, LL b) { if(b == 0) { return MP(1, 0); } auto p = ex_gcd(b, a % b); return MP(p.SE, p.FI - (a / b) * p.SE); } LL inv(LL x, LL m = MOD) { assert(gcd(x, m) == 1); auto p = ex_gcd(x, m); return mod(p.FI, m); } LL promod(LL x, LL y, LL m = MOD) { return mod((x % m) * (y % m), m); } LL divmod(LL x, LL y, LL m = MOD) { return promod(x, inv(y, m), m); } // ---- int main() { int t; cin >> t; inc(q, t) { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; if(m <= n) { cout << 0 << "\n"; } else { if(m <= 200000) { LL a = 1; inc1(i, n) { (a *= i) %= m; } cout << a << "\n"; } else { int c = 0; incII(i, 2, 32000) { if(m % i == 0) { c++; } } if(c != 0) { cout << 0 << "\n"; } else { LL a = m - 1; incII(i, n + 1, m - 1) { a = divmod(a, i, m); } cout << a << "\n"; } } } } return 0; }