#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef signed long long ll;

#undef _P
#define _P(...) (void)printf(__VA_ARGS__)
#define FOR(x,to) for(x=0;x<(to);x++)
#define FORR(x,arr) for(auto& x:arr)
#define ITR(x,c) for(__typeof(c.begin()) x=c.begin();x!=c.end();x++)
#define ALL(a) (a.begin()),(a.end())
#define ZERO(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a))
#define MINUS(a) memset(a,0xff,sizeof(a))
//-------------------------------------------------------

using ull = unsigned long long;

ull seed;
int next() {
	seed = seed ^ (seed << 13);
	seed = seed ^ (seed >> 7);
	seed = seed ^ (seed << 17);
	return (seed >> 33);
}

int N,Q;
int A[201010];
const int step=1<<15;
pair<int,int> B[step*2];

void solve() {
	int i,j,k,l,r,x,y; string s;
	
	cin>>N>>Q>>seed;
	FOR(i,10000) next();
	FOR(i,N) A[i]=next();
	sort(A,A+N);
	

	ll ret=0;
	for(i=0;i<Q;i+=step) {
		int num=min(Q-i,step);
		FOR(j,num) B[j]={next(),i+j};
		sort(B,B+num);
		int S=0;
		FOR(j,num) {
			x=B[j].first;
			while(S<N && A[S]<x) S++;
			ret^=B[j].second*1LL*S;
		}
	}
	
	cout<<ret<<endl;
	
	
}


int main(int argc,char** argv){
	string s;int i;
	if(argc==1) ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0);
	FOR(i,argc-1) s+=argv[i+1],s+='\n'; FOR(i,s.size()) ungetc(s[s.size()-1-i],stdin);
	cout.tie(0); solve(); return 0;
}