#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;
typedef  long long ll;
typedef pair<int,int> PII;
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<VI> VVI;
#define  MP make_pair
#define  PB push_back
#define inf  1000000007
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);++i)

template<typename A, size_t N, typename T>
void Fill(A (&array)[N], const T &val){
    std::fill( (T*)array, (T*)(array+N), val );
}

int main(){
    int n;
    string s;
    cin >> n >> s;
    vector<ll>a(n),b(n),c(n);
    if(s[0]=='('){
        a[0]++;
    }else{
        b[0]++;
    }
    rep(i,n-1){
        if(s[i+1]=='('){
            a[i+1]=a[i]+1;
            b[i+1]=b[i];
            c[i+1]=c[i];
        }else{
            if(a[i]>0){
                a[i+1] = a[i]-1;
                b[i+1] = b[i];
                c[i+1] = c[i]+1;
            }else{
                b[i+1] = b[i]+1;
                b[i+1] = b[i];
                c[i+1] = c[i];
            }
        }
    }
    vector<pair<ll,pair<ll,ll> > > v(n);
    rep(i,n){
        v[i].first = a[i];
        v[i].second.first = a[i]+b[i];
        v[i].second.second = c[i];
    }
    // rep(i,n){
    //     cout << i << " " <<a[i] << " " << b[i] << " " << c[i] << endl;
    // }
    sort(v.begin(),v.end(),greater<pair<int,pair<int,int> > >());
    ll ans = 0;
    ll tmp = 0;
    rep(i,n){
        v[i].second.first -= v[i].first;
        v[i].second.first = -v[i].second.first;
        ans +=v[i].second.second;
        ans +=min(tmp,-v[i].second.first);
        tmp = max((ll)0,tmp+v[i].second.first);
        tmp += v[i].first;
    }
    cout << ans+ans << endl;
    return 0;
}