#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;


#define int long long
int MOD = 1000000007;
template <class T>
struct fenwick_tree {
	vector<T> x;
	fenwick_tree(int n) : x(n, 0) { }
	T sum(int i, int j) {
		if (i == 0) {
			T S = 0;
			for (j; j >= 0; j = (j & (j + 1)) - 1) S += x[j];
			return S;
		}
		else return sum(0, j) - sum(0, i - 1);
	}
	void add(int k, T a) {
		for (; k < x.size(); k |= k + 1) x[k] += a;
	}
};
vector<int> res;
int m = (int)10000000000LL;
void add(int a) {
	int c = 0;
	res[0] += a - 1;
	int i = 0;
	while(true) {
		
		if ((int)res.size() <= i) {
			res.push_back(i);
			break;
		}
		res[i]++;
		if (res[i] >= m) {
			res[i] -= m;
			i++;
		}
		else {
			break;
		}
	}
	
}
void mul(int a) {
	for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); i++) {
		res[i] *= a;
	}
	int c = 0;
	int i = 0;
	while (true) {

		if ((int)res.size() <= i) {
			res.push_back(c);
			break;
		}
		res[i] += c;
		if (res[i] >= m) {
			c = res[i] / m;
			res[i] %= m;
			i++;
		}
		else {
			break;
		}
	}

}
signed main() {
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	int N;
	cin >> N;
	//N = 100000;
	vector<int> A(N);
	res.resize(1, 0);
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
		cin >> A[i];
		//A[i] = N - i;
		A[i]--;
	}
	fenwick_tree<int> ft(N);
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
		ft.add(i, 1);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) {
		int k = ft.sum(0, A[i] - 1);
		ft.add(A[i], -1);
		//cerr << k << endl;
		add(k);
		mul(N - i - 1);
	}
	//cout << ((res + 1) - res) << endl;
	//bigint x = 1;
	add(1);
	for (int i = res.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		cout << res[i];
	}
	cout << endl;

}