#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long   signed int LL;
typedef long long unsigned int LU;

#define incID(i, l, r) for(int i = (l)    ; i <  (r); i++)
#define incII(i, l, r) for(int i = (l)    ; i <= (r); i++)
#define decID(i, l, r) for(int i = (r) - 1; i >= (l); i--)
#define decII(i, l, r) for(int i = (r)    ; i >= (l); i--)
#define  inc(i, n) incID(i, 0, n)
#define inc1(i, n) incII(i, 1, n)
#define  dec(i, n) decID(i, 0, n)
#define dec1(i, n) decII(i, 1, n)

#define inII(v, l, r) ((l) <= (v) && (v) <= (r))
#define inID(v, l, r) ((l) <= (v) && (v) <  (r))

#define PB push_back
#define EB emplace_back
#define MP make_pair
#define FI first
#define SE second
#define PQ priority_queue

#define  ALL(v)  v.begin(),  v.end()
#define RALL(v) v.rbegin(), v.rend()
#define  FOR(it, v) for(auto it =  v.begin(); it !=  v.end(); ++it)
#define RFOR(it, v) for(auto it = v.rbegin(); it != v.rend(); ++it)

template<typename T> bool   setmin(T & a, T b) { if(b <  a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } }
template<typename T> bool   setmax(T & a, T b) { if(b >  a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } }
template<typename T> bool setmineq(T & a, T b) { if(b <= a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } }
template<typename T> bool setmaxeq(T & a, T b) { if(b >= a) { a = b; return true; } else { return false; } }
template<typename T> T gcd(T a, T b) { return (b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b)); }
template<typename T> T lcm(T a, T b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }

// ---- ----

struct UnionFind {
	int s, num; // [0, s) の s 個の要素がある。num は非空集合の個数。
	vector<vector<int>> v;
	vector<int> find;
	
	UnionFind() { s = 0; }
	UnionFind(int s) { init(s); }
	void init(int arg_s) {
		num = s = arg_s;
		v.clear();
		find.clear();
		inc(i, s) { v.PB({i}); find.PB(i); }
	}
	bool unite(int x, int y) {
		assert(inID(x, 0, s) && inID(y, 0, s));
		if(find[x] == find[y]) { return false; }
		num--;
		if(v[find[x]].size() > v[find[y]].size()) { swap(x, y); }
		int fx = find[x];
		for(auto && e: v[fx]) { v[find[y]].PB(e); find[e] = find[y]; }
		v[fx].clear();
		return true;
	}
};

// ----

const int M = 200000;
int n;
vector<int> g[M];
UnionFind uf;

LL dfs(int v) {
	LL sum = 0;
	for(auto && e: g[v]) {
		sum += dfs(e);
		uf.unite(v, e);
	}
	
	vector<int> & w = uf.v[uf.find[v]];
	sort(ALL(w));
	sum += w.end() - lower_bound(ALL(w), v + 1);
	
	return sum;
}

int main() {
	cin >> n;
	inc1(i, n - 1) {
		int a;
		cin >> a;
		g[a].PB(i);
	}
	
	uf.init(n);
	
	cout << dfs(0) << endl;
	
	return 0;
}