#ifdef LOCAL #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #define __clock__ #else #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") // #define NDEBUG #endif // #define buffer_check #define __precision__ 10 #define iostream_untie true #define debug_stream std::cerr #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define all(v) std::begin(v), std::end(v) #define rall(v) std::rbegin(v), std::rend(v) #define odd(n) ((n) & 1) #define even(n) (not __odd(n)) #define __popcount(n) __builtin_popcountll(n) #define __clz32(n) __builtin_clz(n) #define __clz64(n) __builtin_clzll(n) #define __ctz32(n) __builtin_ctz(n) #define __ctz64(n) __builtin_ctzll(n) using i32 = int_least32_t; using i64 = int_least64_t; using u32 = uint_least32_t; using u64 = uint_least64_t; using pii = std::pair; using pll = std::pair; template using heap = std::priority_queue; template using rheap = std::priority_queue, std::greater>; template using hashset = std::unordered_set; template using hashmap = std::unordered_map; namespace execution { using namespace std::chrono; system_clock::time_point start_time, end_time; long long get_elapsed_time() { end_time = system_clock::now(); return duration_cast(end_time - start_time).count(); } void print_elapsed_time() { std::cerr << "\n----- Exec time : " << get_elapsed_time() << " ms -----\n"; } struct setupper { setupper() { if(iostream_untie) std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false), std::cin.tie(nullptr); std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(__precision__); #ifdef stderr_path if(freopen(stderr_path, "a", stderr)) { std::cerr << std::fixed << std::setprecision(__precision__); } #endif #ifdef stdout_path if(not freopen(stdout_path, "w", stdout)) { freopen("CON", "w", stdout); std::cerr << "Failed to open the stdout file\n\n"; } std::cout << ""; #endif #ifdef stdin_path if(not freopen(stdin_path, "r", stdin)) { freopen("CON", "r", stdin); std::cerr << "Failed to open the stdin file\n\n"; } #endif #ifdef LOCAL std::cerr << "----- stderr at LOCAL -----\n\n"; atexit(print_elapsed_time); #else fclose(stderr); #endif #ifdef __clock__ start_time = system_clock::now(); #endif } } __setupper; class myclock_t { system_clock::time_point built_pt, last_pt; int built_ln, last_ln; std::string built_func, last_func; bool is_built = false; public: void build(int crt_ln, const std::string &crt_func) { is_built = true, last_pt = built_pt = system_clock::now(), last_ln = built_ln = crt_ln, last_func = built_func = crt_func; } void set(int crt_ln, const std::string &crt_func) { if(is_built) last_pt = system_clock::now(), last_ln = crt_ln, last_func = crt_func; else debug_stream << "[ " << crt_ln << " : " << crt_func << " ] " << "myclock_t::set failed (yet to be built!)\n"; } void get(int crt_ln, const std::string &crt_func) { if(is_built) { system_clock::time_point crt_pt(system_clock::now()); long long diff = duration_cast(crt_pt - last_pt).count(); debug_stream << diff << " ms elapsed from" << " [ " << last_ln << " : " << last_func << " ]"; if(last_ln == built_ln) debug_stream << " (when built)"; debug_stream << " to" << " [ " << crt_ln << " : " << crt_func << " ]" << "\n"; last_pt = built_pt, last_ln = built_ln, last_func = built_func; } else { debug_stream << "[ " << crt_ln << " : " << crt_func << " ] " << "myclock_t::get failed (yet to be built!)\n"; } } }; } // namespace execution #ifdef __clock__ execution::myclock_t __myclock; #define build_clock() __myclock.build(__LINE__, __func__) #define set_clock() __myclock.set(__LINE__, __func__) #define get_clock() __myclock.get(__LINE__, __func__) #else #define build_clock() ((void)0) #define set_clock() ((void)0) #define get_clock() ((void)0) #endif namespace std { // hash template size_t hash_combine(size_t seed, T const &key) { return seed ^ (hash()(key) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2)); } template struct hash> { size_t operator()(pair const &pr) const { return hash_combine(hash_combine(0, pr.first), pr.second); } }; template ::value - 1> struct tuple_hash_calc { static size_t apply(size_t seed, tuple_t const &t) { return hash_combine(tuple_hash_calc::apply(seed, t), get(t)); } }; template struct tuple_hash_calc { static size_t apply(size_t seed, tuple_t const &t) { return hash_combine(seed, get<0>(t)); } }; template struct hash> { size_t operator()(tuple const &t) const { return tuple_hash_calc>::apply(0, t); } }; // iostream template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &p) { return is >> p.first >> p.second; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &p) { return os << p.first << ' ' << p.second; } template struct tupleos { static ostream &apply(ostream &os, const tuple_t &t) { tupleos::apply(os, t); return os << ' ' << get(t); } }; template struct tupleos { static ostream &apply(ostream &os, const tuple_t &t) { return os << get<0>(t); } }; template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple &t) { return tupleos, tuple_size>::value - 1>::apply(os, t); } template <> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple<> &t) { return os; } template , string>::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr> istream& operator>>(istream& is, Container &cont) { for(auto&& e : cont) is >> e; return is; } template , string>::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Container &cont) { bool flag = 1; for(auto&& e : cont) flag ? flag = 0 : (os << ' ', 0), os << e; return os; } } // namespace std #ifdef LOCAL #define dump(...) \ debug_stream << "[ " << __LINE__ << " : " << __FUNCTION__ << " ]\n", \ dump_func(#__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__) template void dump_func(const char *ptr, const T &x) { debug_stream << '\t'; for(char c = *ptr; c != '\0'; c = *++ptr) if(c != ' ') debug_stream << c; debug_stream << " : " << x << '\n'; } template void dump_func(const char *ptr, const T &x, rest_t... rest) { debug_stream << '\t'; for(char c = *ptr; c != ','; c = *++ptr) if(c != ' ') debug_stream << c; debug_stream << " : " << x << ",\n"; dump_func(++ptr, rest...); } #else #define dump(...) ((void)0) #endif template void read_range(P __first, P __second) { for(P i = __first; i != __second; ++i) std::cin >> *i; } template void write_range(P __first, P __second) { for(P i = __first; i != __second; std::cout << (++i == __second ? '\n' : ' ')) std::cout << *i; } // substitue y for x if x > y. template inline bool sbmin(T &x, const T &y) { return x > y ? x = y, true : false; } // substitue y for x if x < y. template inline bool sbmax(T &x, const T &y) { return x < y ? x = y, true : false; } // binary search. i64 bin(const std::function &pred, i64 ok, i64 ng) { while(std::abs(ok - ng) > 1) { i64 mid = (ok + ng) / 2; (pred(mid) ? ok : ng) = mid; } return ok; } double bin(const std::function &pred, double ok, double ng, const double eps) { while(std::abs(ok - ng) > eps) { double mid = (ok + ng) / 2; (pred(mid) ? ok : ng) = mid; } return ok; } // be careful that val is type-sensitive. template void init(A (&array)[N], const T &val) { std::fill((T *)array, (T *)(array + N), val); } // reset all bits. template void reset(A &array) { memset(array, 0, sizeof(array)); } /* The main code follows. */ using namespace std; main() { void __solve(); u32 t = 1; // t = -1; // infinite loop // cin >> t; // case number given while(t--) __solve(); #ifdef buffer_check char bufc; if(cin >> bufc) { cerr << "\n\033[1;35mwarning\033[0m: buffer not empty.\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } #endif } void __solve() { int a,b; cin>>a>>b; i64 ans=1; for(int i=0; i<31; ++i) { if(a&1) { if(b&1) { } else { ans=0; } } else { if(b&1) { ans*=2; } } a>>=1; b>>=1; } if(a==b) { ans++; } ans>>=1; cout << ans << "\n"; }