#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #pragma warning(disable:4996) typedef long long ll; #define MIN(a, b) ((a)>(b)? (b): (a)) #define MAX(a, b) ((a)<(b)? (b): (a)) #define LINF 9223300000000000000 #define INF 2140000000 const long long MOD = 1000000007; //const long long MOD = 998244353; using namespace std; // a^b long long modpow(long long a, long long n, long long mod) { long long res = 1; while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) res = res * a % mod; a = a * a % mod; n >>= 1; } return res; } // a^-1 long long modinv(long long a, long long m) { long long b = m, u = 1, v = 0; while (b) { long long t = a / b; a -= t * b; swap(a, b); u -= t * v; swap(u, v); } u %= m; if (u < 0) u += m; return u; } // a^x ≡ b (mod. m) となる最小の正の整数 x を求める long long modlog(long long a, long long b, int m) { a %= m, b %= m; // calc sqrt{M} long long lo = -1, hi = m; while (hi - lo > 1) { long long mid = (lo + hi) / 2; if (mid * mid >= m) hi = mid; else lo = mid; } long long sqrtM = hi; // {a^0, a^1, a^2, ..., a^sqrt(m)} map apow; long long amari = 1; for (long long r = 0; r < sqrtM; ++r) { if (!apow.count(amari)) apow[amari] = r; (amari *= a) %= m; } // check each A^p long long A = modpow(modinv(a, m), sqrtM, m); amari = b; for (long long q = 0; q < sqrtM; ++q) { if (apow.count(amari)) { long long res = q * sqrtM + apow[amari]; if (res > 0) return res; } (amari *= A) %= m; } // no solutions return -1; } void solve() { int p,n; scanf("%d%d", &p, &n); ll a=modlog(n,1,p); ll b=(p-1)/a; ll ans=((b%2)*((a-1)%2)); printf("%lld\n", ans); return; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { #if 1 solve(); #else int T; scanf("%d", &T); while(T--) { solve(); } #endif return 0; }