#include using namespace std; #define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i) #define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n) #define ALL(v) begin(v),end(v) #define fi first #define se second template inline bool chmax(A &a, B b) { if (a inline bool chmin(A &a, B b) { if (a>b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; } using ll = long long; using pii = pair; constexpr ll INF = 1ll<<30; constexpr ll longINF = 1ll<<60; constexpr ll MOD = 1000000007; constexpr bool debug = 0; //---------------------------------// template struct Matrix { public: using value_type = T; using size_type = std::size_t; Matrix() {} Matrix(size_type h, size_type w, const value_type & x = 0) : h(h), w(w), val(h, std::vector(w, x)) { assert(h > 0 && w > 0); } Matrix(std::vector> val) : h(val.size()), w(val.size() ? val[0].size() : 0), val(val) { assert(h > 0 && w > 0); for (size_type i = 1; i < h; ++i) assert(val[i].size() == w); } Matrix(std::initializer_list> init) : val(init.begin(), init.end()) { h = val.size(); w = val.size() ? val[0].size() : 0; assert(h > 0 && w > 0); for (size_type i = 1; i < h; ++i) assert(val[i].size() == w); } std::vector & operator [](size_type i) noexcept { return val[i]; } const std::vector & operator [](size_type i) const noexcept { return val[i]; }; value_type & operator ()(size_type i, size_type j) noexcept { return val[i][j]; }; const value_type & operator ()(size_type i, size_type j) const noexcept { return val[i][j]; } value_type & at(size_type i, size_type j) { assert(i < h && j < w); return val[i][j]; } const value_type & at(size_type i, size_type j) const { assert(i < h & j < w); return val[i][j]; } bool empty() const { return !(h || w); } std::pair type() const { return std::make_pair(h, w); } bool match_type(const Matrix & rhs) const noexcept { return h == rhs.h && w == rhs.w; } bool is_square() const { return h == w; } const std::vector> & get() const noexcept { return val; } bool operator ==(const Matrix & rhs) const noexcept { return match_type(rhs) && val == rhs.val; } bool operator !=(const Matrix & rhs) const noexcept { return !(*this == rhs); } Matrix operator +() const { return Matrix(*this); } Matrix operator -() const { return Matrix(h, w) - Matrix(*this); } Matrix operator +(const Matrix & rhs) const { return Matrix(*this) += rhs; } Matrix operator -(const Matrix & rhs) const { return Matrix(*this) -= rhs; } Matrix operator *(const Matrix & rhs) const { assert(w == rhs.h); Matrix res(h, rhs.w); for (size_type i = 0; i < h; ++i) for (size_type j = 0; j < rhs.w; ++j) for (size_type k = 0; k < w; ++k) res.val[i][j] += val[i][k] * rhs.val[k][j]; return res; } Matrix operator /(const Matrix & rhs) const { return Matrix(*this) /= rhs; } friend Matrix operator *(const value_type & lhs, const Matrix & rhs) { Matrix res(rhs.val); for (size_type i = 0; i < res.h; ++i) for (size_type j = 0; j < res.w; ++j) res.val[i][j] = lhs * res.val[i][j]; return res; } Matrix operator *(const value_type & rhs) const { Matrix res(val); for (size_type i = 0; i < h; ++i) for (size_type j = 0; j < w; ++j) res.val[i][j] *= rhs; return res; } Matrix operator /(const value_type & rhs) const { Matrix res(val); for (size_type i = 0; i < h; ++i) for (size_type j = 0; j < w; ++j) res.val[i][j] /= rhs; return res; } Matrix & operator +=(const Matrix & rhs) { assert(match_type(rhs)); for (size_type i = 0; i < h; ++i) for (size_type j = 0; j < w; ++j) val[i][j] += rhs.val[i][j]; return *this; } Matrix & operator -=(const Matrix & rhs) { assert(match_type(rhs)); for (size_type i = 0; i < h; ++i) for(size_type j = 0; j < w; ++j) val[i][j] -= rhs.val[i][j]; return *this; } Matrix & operator *=(const Matrix & rhs) { *this = *this * rhs; return *this; } Matrix & operator /=(const Matrix & rhs) { *this *= rhs.inverse(); return *this; } Matrix pow(long long n) const { Matrix res = identity(h), x(*this); if (n < 0) { x = x.inverse(); n = -n; } while (n) { if (n & 1) res *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return res; } Matrix trans() const { Matrix res(w, h); for (size_type i = 0; i < h; ++i) for (size_type j = 0; j < w; ++j) res.val[j][i] = val[i][j]; return res; } Matrix inverse() const { assert(is_square()); Matrix aug_mat = this->hstack(identity(h)); if (aug_mat.gauss_jordan() != h) return Matrix(); return aug_mat.submat(0, w, h, 2 * w); } Matrix vstack(const Matrix & A) const { assert(w == A.w); Matrix res(h + A.h, w); std::copy(val.begin(), val.end(), res.val.begin()); std::copy(A.val.begin(), A.val.end(), res.val.begin() + h); return res; } Matrix hstack(const Matrix & A) const { assert(h == A.h); Matrix res(h, w + A.w); for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) { std::copy(val[i].begin(), val[i].end(), res.val[i].begin()); std::copy(A.val[i].begin(), A.val[i].end(), res.val[i].begin() + w); } return res; } Matrix submat(size_type i1, size_type j1, size_type i2, size_type j2) const { assert(i1 < i2 && j1 < j2 && i2 <= h && j2 <= w); Matrix res(i2 - i1, j2 - j1); for (size_type i = 0; i < i2 - i1; ++i) std::copy(val[i + i1].begin() + j1, val[i + i1].begin() + j2, res.val[i].begin()); return res; } static Matrix identity(size_type n) { Matrix res(n, n); for (size_type i = 0; i < n; ++i) res(i, i) = 1; return res; } size_type gauss_jordan(size_type colnum = -1) { if (colnum == -1) colnum = w; size_type rank = 0; for (size_type k = 0; k < colnum; ++k) { size_type pivot = -1; for (size_type i = rank; i < h; ++i) { if (val[i][k] != 0) { pivot = i; break; } } if (pivot == -1) continue; if (pivot != rank) std::swap(val[rank], val[pivot]); value_type div = static_cast(1) / val[rank][k]; for (size_type j = k; j < w; ++j) val[rank][j] *= div; for (size_type i = 0; i < h; ++i) if (i != rank) { for (size_type j = k + 1; j < w; ++j) val[i][j] -= val[rank][j] * val[i][k]; val[i][k] = 0; } ++rank; } return rank; } friend std::ostream & operator <<(std::ostream & os, const Matrix & rhs) { os << "type = (" << rhs.h << "," << rhs.w << ") [\n"; for (size_type i = 0; i < rhs.h; ++i) for (size_type j = 0; j < rhs.w; ++j) os << (j == 0 ? " " : "") << rhs.val[i][j] << (j + 1 == rhs.w ? '\n' : ' '); return os << "]"; } private: size_type h, w; std::vector> val; }; template struct ModInt { public: using value_type = long long; ModInt(value_type val = 0) : val(val < 0 ? (M - (-val % M)) % M : val % M) {} explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return val; } bool operator ==(const ModInt & rhs) const noexcept { return val == rhs.val; } bool operator !=(const ModInt & rhs) const noexcept { return !(*this == rhs); } ModInt operator +() const noexcept { return ModInt(*this); } ModInt operator -() const noexcept { return ModInt(0) -= *this; } ModInt operator +(const ModInt & rhs) const noexcept { return ModInt(*this) += rhs; } ModInt operator -(const ModInt & rhs) const noexcept { return ModInt(*this) -= rhs; } ModInt operator *(const ModInt & rhs) const noexcept { return ModInt(*this) *= rhs; } ModInt operator /(const ModInt & rhs) const noexcept { return ModInt(*this) /= rhs; } ModInt & operator +=(const ModInt & rhs) noexcept { val += rhs.val; if (val >= M) val -= M; return *this; } ModInt & operator -=(const ModInt & rhs) noexcept { if (val < rhs.val) val += M; val -= rhs.val; return *this; } ModInt & operator *=(const ModInt & rhs) noexcept { val = val * rhs.val % M; return *this; } ModInt & operator /=(const ModInt & rhs) noexcept { *this *= rhs.inverse(); return *this; } ModInt pow(value_type n) const { ModInt res = 1, x = val; if (n < 0) { x = x.inverse(); n = -n; } while (n) { if (n & 1) res *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return res; } ModInt inverse() const { value_type a = val, a1 = 1, a2 = 0, b = M, b1 = 0, b2 = 1; while (b > 0) { value_type q = a / b, r = a % b; value_type nb1 = a1 - q * b1, nb2 = a2 - q * b2; a = b; b = r; a1 = b1; b1 = nb1; a2 = b2; b2 = nb2; } assert(a == 1); return a1; } const value_type & get() const noexcept { return val; } static decltype(M) get_mod() noexcept { return M; } friend std::ostream & operator <<(std::ostream & os, const ModInt & rhs) { return os << rhs.val; } friend std::istream & operator >>(std::istream & is, ModInt & rhs) { value_type x; is >> x; rhs = ModInt(x); return is; } private: value_type val; }; using mint = ModInt; int main() { ll a, b, n; cin >> a >> b >> n; mint ans; if (n <= 1) ans = n; else { Matrix A{{a, b}, {1, 0}}; Matrix b{{1}, {0}}; cout << (A.pow(n - 1) * b)[0][0] << endl; } return 0; }