import std.conv, std.functional, std.range, std.stdio, std.string; import std.algorithm, std.array, std.bigint, std.bitmanip, std.complex, std.container, std.math, std.mathspecial, std.numeric, std.regex, std.typecons; import core.bitop; class EOFException : Throwable { this() { super("EOF"); } } string[] tokens; string readToken() { for (; tokens.empty; ) { if (stdin.eof) { throw new EOFException; } tokens = readln.split; } auto token = tokens.front; tokens.popFront; return token; } int readInt() { return readToken.to!int; } long readLong() { return readToken.to!long; } real readReal() { return readToken.to!real; } bool chmin(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t > f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } bool chmax(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t < f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } int binarySearch(alias pred, T)(in T[] as) { int lo = -1, hi = cast(int)(as.length); for (; lo + 1 < hi; ) { const mid = (lo + hi) >> 1; (unaryFun!pred(as[mid]) ? hi : lo) = mid; } return hi; } int lowerBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a >= val)); } int upperBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a > val)); } struct ModInt(int M_) { import std.conv : to; alias M = M_; int x; this(ModInt a) { x = a.x; } this(long a) { x = cast(int)(a % M); if (x < 0) x += M; } ref ModInt opAssign(long a) { return (this = ModInt(a)); } ref ModInt opOpAssign(string op)(ModInt a) { static if (op == "+") { x += a.x; if (x >= M) x -= M; } else static if (op == "-") { x -= a.x; if (x < 0) x += M; } else static if (op == "*") { x = cast(int)((cast(long)(x) * a.x) % M); } else static if (op == "/") { this *= a.inv(); } else static assert(false); return this; } ref ModInt opOpAssign(string op)(long a) { static if (op == "^^") { if (a < 0) return (this = inv()^^(-a)); ModInt t2 = this, te = ModInt(1); for (long e = a; e > 0; e >>= 1) { if (e & 1) te *= t2; t2 *= t2; } x = cast(int)(te.x); return this; } else return mixin("this " ~ op ~ "= ModInt(a)"); } ModInt inv() const { int a = x, b = M, y = 1, z = 0, t; for (; ; ) { t = a / b; a -= t * b; if (a == 0) { assert(b == 1 || b == -1); return ModInt(b * z); } y -= t * z; t = b / a; b -= t * a; if (b == 0) { assert(a == 1 || a == -1); return ModInt(a * y); } z -= t * y; } } ModInt opUnary(string op: "-")() const { return ModInt(-x); } ModInt opBinary(string op, T)(T a) const { return mixin("ModInt(this) " ~ op ~ "= a"); } ModInt opBinaryRight(string op)(long a) const { return mixin("ModInt(a) " ~ op ~ "= this"); } bool opCast(T: bool)() const { return (x != 0); } string toString() const { return x.to!string; } } // M: prime, G: primitive root class Fft(int M_, int G, int K) { import std.algorithm : reverse; import std.traits : isIntegral; alias M = M_; // 1, 1/4, 1/8, 3/8, 1/16, 5/16, 3/16, 7/16, ... int[] gs; this() { static assert(2 <= K && K <= 30, "Fft: 2 <= K <= 30 must hold"); static assert(!((M - 1) & ((1 << K) - 1)), "Fft: 2^K | M - 1 must hold"); gs = new int[1 << (K - 1)]; gs[0] = 1; long g2 = G, gg = 1; for (int e = (M - 1) >> K; e; e >>= 1) { if (e & 1) gg = (gg * g2) % M; g2 = (g2 * g2) % M; } gs[1 << (K - 2)] = cast(int)(gg); for (int l = 1 << (K - 2); l >= 2; l >>= 1) { gs[l >> 1] = cast(int)((cast(long)(gs[l]) * gs[l]) % M); } assert((cast(long)(gs[1]) * gs[1]) % M == M - 1, "Fft: g^(2^(K-1)) == -1 (mod M) must hold"); for (int l = 2; l <= 1 << (K - 2); l <<= 1) { foreach (i; 1 .. l) { gs[l + i] = cast(int)((cast(long)(gs[l]) * gs[i]) % M); } } } void fft(int[] xs) const { const n = cast(int)(xs.length); assert(!(n & (n - 1)), "Fft.fft: |xs| must be a power of two"); assert(n <= 1 << K, "Fft.fft: |xs| <= 2^K must hold"); for (int l = n; l >>= 1; ) { foreach (i; 0 .. (n >> 1) / l) { const(long) g = gs[i]; foreach (j; (i << 1) * l .. (i << 1 | 1) * l) { const t = cast(int)((g * xs[j + l]) % M); if ((xs[j + l] = xs[j] - t) < 0) xs[j + l] += M; if ((xs[j] += t) >= M) xs[j] -= M; } } } } void invFft(int[] xs) const { const n = cast(int)(xs.length); assert(!(n & (n - 1)), "Fft.invFft: |xs| must be a power of two"); assert(n <= 1 << K, "Fft.invFft: |xs| <= 2^K must hold"); for (int l = 1; l < n; l <<= 1) reverse(xs[l .. l << 1]); for (int l = 1; l < n; l <<= 1) { foreach (i; 0 .. (n >> 1) / l) { const(long) g = gs[i]; foreach (j; (i << 1) * l .. (i << 1 | 1) * l) { int t = cast(int)((g * (xs[j] - xs[j + l])) % M); if (t < 0) t += M; if ((xs[j] += xs[j + l]) >= M) xs[j] -= M; xs[j + l] = t; } } } } } enum MO = 998244353; alias Mint = ModInt!MO; alias Fft0 = Fft!(998244353, 3, 20); enum LIM = 2 * 10^^5 + 10; Mint[] inv, fac, invFac; void prepare() { inv = new Mint[LIM]; fac = new Mint[LIM]; invFac = new Mint[LIM]; inv[1] = 1; foreach (i; 2 .. LIM) { inv[i] = -(Mint.M / i) * inv[cast(size_t)(Mint.M % i)]; } fac[0] = invFac[0] = 1; foreach (i; 1 .. LIM) { fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i; invFac[i] = invFac[i - 1] * inv[i]; } } Mint binom(long n, long k) { if (0 <= k && k <= n) { assert(n < LIM); return fac[cast(size_t)(n)] * invFac[cast(size_t)(k)] * invFac[cast(size_t)(n - k)]; } else { return Mint(0); } } void main() { const FFT = new Fft0; prepare; auto der = new Mint[LIM]; der[0] = 1; der[1] = 0; foreach (i; 2 .. LIM) { der[i] = (i - 1) * (der[i - 1] + der[i - 2]); } try { for (; ; ) { const N = readInt(); int fftN; for (fftN = 4; fftN < N + 1; fftN <<= 1) {} auto fs = new int[fftN]; fs[0] = 1; fs[1] = 4; fs[2] = 2; FFT.fft(fs); foreach (i; 0 .. fftN) { fs[i] = (Mint(fs[i])^^(N / 2)).x; } FFT.invFft(fs); const invFftN = Mint(fftN).inv; auto gs = new Mint[N + 1]; foreach (i; 0 .. N + 1) { gs[i] = fs[i] * invFftN; } if (N % 2 != 0) { foreach_reverse (i; 0 .. N) { gs[i + 1] += gs[i]; } } debug { writeln("gs = ", gs); } Mint ans; foreach (i; 0 .. N + 1) { ans += (-1)^^(i & 1) * fac[N - i] * gs[i]; } ans = fac[N] - der[N] - der[N] + ans; writeln(ans); } } catch (EOFException e) { } }