#line 2 "/Users/kaage/Desktop/ProgrammingWorkspace/library/other/template.hpp" #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #pragma target("avx") #pragma optimize("O3") #pragma optimize("unroll-loops") #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(lint)(n);i++) #define REP(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=(lint)(n);i++) #define all(V) V.begin(),V.end() typedef long long lint; typedef unsigned long long ulint; typedef std::pair P; typedef std::pair LP; constexpr int INF = INT_MAX/2; constexpr lint LINF = LLONG_MAX/2; constexpr double eps = DBL_EPSILON; constexpr double PI=3.141592653589793238462643383279; template class prique :public std::priority_queue, std::greater> {}; template inline bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) { if (lhs < rhs) { lhs = rhs; return 1; } return 0; } template inline bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) { if (lhs > rhs) { lhs = rhs; return 1; } return 0; } inline lint gcd(lint a, lint b) { while (b) { lint c = a; a = b; b = c % b; } return a; } inline lint lcm(lint a, lint b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; } bool isprime(lint n) { if (n == 1)return false; for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) { if (n % i == 0)return false; } return true; } template T mypow(T a, lint b) { if (!b)return T(1); if (b & 1)return mypow(a, b - 1) * a; T memo = mypow(a, b >> 1); return memo * memo; } lint modpow(lint a, lint b, lint m) { if (!b)return 1; if (b & 1)return modpow(a, b - 1, m) * a % m; lint memo = modpow(a, b >> 1, m); return memo * memo % m; } template void printArray(std::vector& vec) { rep(i, vec.size() - 1)std::cout << vec[i] << " "; std::cout << vec.back() << std::endl; } template void printArray(T l, T r) { T rprev = r; rprev--; for (T i = l; i != rprev; i++) { std::cout << *i << " "; } std::cout << *rprev << std::endl; } #line 3 "/Users/kaage/Desktop/ProgrammingWorkspace/library/algebraic/ModInt.hpp" class ModInt { lint value; public: static const unsigned int modulo; ModInt() : value(0) {} template ModInt(T value = 0) : value(value) { if (value < 0)value = -(lint)(-value % modulo) + modulo; this->value = value % modulo; } inline operator int()const { return value; } inline ModInt& operator+=(const ModInt& x) { value += x.value; if (value >= modulo)value -= modulo; return *this; } inline ModInt& operator++() { if (value == modulo - 1)value = 0; else value++; return *this; } inline ModInt operator-()const { return ModInt(0) -= *this; } inline ModInt& operator-=(const ModInt& x) { value -= x.value; if (value < 0)value += modulo; return *this; } inline ModInt& operator--() { if (value == 0)value = modulo - 1; else value--; return *this; } inline ModInt& operator*=(const ModInt& x) { value = value * x.value % modulo; return *this; } inline ModInt& operator/=(ModInt rhs) { int exp = modulo - 2; while (exp) { if (exp & 1)*this *= rhs; rhs *= rhs; exp >>= 1; } return *this; } template ModInt operator+(const T& rhs)const { return ModInt(*this) += rhs; } template ModInt& operator+=(const T& rhs) { return operator+=(ModInt(rhs)); } template ModInt operator-(const T& rhs)const { return ModInt(*this) -= rhs; } template ModInt& operator-=(const T& rhs) { return operator-=(ModInt(rhs)); } template ModInt operator*(const T& rhs)const { return ModInt(*this) *= rhs; } template ModInt& operator*=(const T& rhs) { return operator*=(ModInt(rhs)); } template ModInt operator/(const T& rhs)const { return ModInt(*this) /= rhs; } template ModInt& operator/=(const T& rhs) { return operator/=(ModInt(rhs)); } }; std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& ist, ModInt& x) { lint a; ist >> a; x = a; return ist; } #line 3 "/Users/kaage/Desktop/ProgrammingWorkspace/library/data-structure/BIT.hpp" class BIT { unsigned int n; std::vector bit; public: BIT(unsigned int n) :n(n) { bit.resize(n + 1, 0); } void add(int a, lint x) { while (a <= n) { bit[a] += x; a += a & -a; } } lint query(int a) { lint cnt = 0; while (a > 0) { cnt += bit[a]; a -= a & -a; } return cnt; } void clear() { bit.assign(n + 1, 0); } unsigned int lower_bound(int x){ int p=0,k=1; while(k*2<=n)k*=2; while(k>0){ if(p+k<=n&&bit[p+k]0){ if(p+k<=n&&bit[p+k]<=x){ x-=bit[p+k]; p+=k; } k/=2; } return p+1; } }; #line 4 "main.cpp" const unsigned int ModInt::modulo=998244353; int n,a[200010]; std::map mp; ModInt fact[200010],inv[200010]; ModInt comb(int a,int b){ return fact[a]*inv[a-b]*inv[b]; } int main(){ scanf("%d",&n); assert(1<=n&&n<=200000); rep(i,n){ scanf("%d",a+i); assert(1<=a[i]&&a[i]<=1000000000); mp[a[i]].second++; } int count=1; for(auto& i:mp)i.second.first=count++; rep(i,n)a[i]=mp[a[i]].first; fact[0]=1; REP(i,n)fact[i]=fact[i-1]*i; inv[n]=ModInt(1)/fact[n]; for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)inv[i]=inv[i+1]*(i+1); BIT bit(mp.size()+1); ModInt swaps=0; rep(i,n){ swaps+=bit.query(mp.size())-bit.query(a[i]); bit.add(a[i],1); } ModInt r=1; rep(i,n)r*=comb(n,i); ModInt ans=0; for(int i=2;i<=n;i++)ans+=ModInt(i)*(i-1)/n/(n-1); ans*=swaps*r; ModInt cnt=-ModInt(1)/4*n*n*(n-1)*(n-1)-ModInt(1)/6*n*(n-1)*(2*n-1)+ModInt(1)/2*n*n*(n-1)*(n+1); cnt/=ModInt(2)*n*n; ModInt p=ModInt(n)*(n-1)/2; for(const auto& i:mp)p-=ModInt(i.second.second)*(i.second.second-1)/2; ans+=cnt*r*p; std::cout<