#include #ifndef DUMP #define DUMP(...) (void)0 #endif using namespace std; template > constexpr T power(T a, uint64_t n, T init = 1, Op op = Op{}) { while (n) { if (n & 1) init = op(init, a); if (n >>= 1) a = op(a, a); } return init; } template struct modular { using T = modular; static constexpr uint32_t mod = M; uint32_t v; modular(int64_t x = 0) : v((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x) {} T operator-() const { return T() -= *this; } T& operator+=(T b) { return (int)(v += b.v - mod) < 0 ? v += mod : v, *this; } T& operator-=(T b) { return (int)(v -= b.v) < 0 ? v += mod : v, *this; } T& operator*=(T b) { return v = (uint64_t)v * b.v % mod, *this; } T& operator/=(T b) { return *this *= power(b, mod - 2); } friend T operator+(T a, T b) { return a += b; } friend T operator-(T a, T b) { return a -= b; } friend T operator*(T a, T b) { return a *= b; } friend T operator/(T a, T b) { return a /= b; } friend bool operator==(T a, T b) { return a.v == b.v; } }; using mint = modular<998244353>; vector fact, inv_fact, minv; void prepare(int n) { fact.resize(n + 1), inv_fact.resize(n + 1), minv.resize(n + 1); for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) fact[i] = i ? fact[i - 1] * i : 1; inv_fact[n] = power(fact[n], mint::mod - 2); for (int i = n; i--;) inv_fact[i] = (i + 1) * inv_fact[i + 1]; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) minv[i] = inv_fact[i] * fact[i - 1]; } mint binom(int n, int k) { if (k < 0 or k > n) return 0; return fact[n] * inv_fact[k] * inv_fact[n - k]; } template <> mint& mint::operator/=(mint b) { return *this *= b.v < minv.size() ? minv[b.v] : power(b, mod - 2); } template struct fenwick { int n; vector t; fenwick(int _n = 0) : n(_n), t(n) {} void add(int i, T a) { for (++i; i <= n; i += i & -i) t[i - 1] += a; } T sum(int i) const { T s = 0; for (; i; i -= i & -i) s += t[i - 1]; return s; } T sum(int l, int r) const { return sum(r) - sum(l); } }; int main() { cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false); int n; cin >> n; vector a(n); for (auto&& e : a) cin >> e; auto v = a; sort(begin(v), end(v)); v.erase(unique(begin(v), end(v)), end(v)); for (auto&& e : a) e = lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), e) - begin(v); prepare(n); fenwick ft(n); int64_t invs = 0; for (int i = n; i--;) { invs += ft.sum(a[i]); ft.add(a[i], 1); } mint res; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) res += binom(n - 2, i - 2) / binom(n, i); res *= invs; int64_t t = 0; for (auto&& e : a) t += ft.sum(e); mint sum; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { res += i * minv[n] * sum * t; sum += i * minv[n]; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) res *= binom(n, i); cout << res.v << '\n'; }