#line 1 "main.cpp" /** * @title Template */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #line 2 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/other/chmin_chmax.cpp" template constexpr bool chmin(T &lhs, const U &rhs) { if (lhs > rhs) { lhs = rhs; return true; } return false; } template constexpr bool chmax(T &lhs, const U &rhs) { if (lhs < rhs) { lhs = rhs; return true; } return false; } /** * @title Chmin/Chmax */ #line 2 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/other/range.cpp" #line 4 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/other/range.cpp" class range { public: class iterator { private: int64_t M_position; public: constexpr iterator(int64_t position) noexcept: M_position(position) { } constexpr void operator ++ () noexcept { ++M_position; } constexpr bool operator != (iterator other) const noexcept { return M_position != other.M_position; } constexpr int64_t operator * () const noexcept { return M_position; } }; class reverse_iterator { private: int64_t M_position; public: constexpr reverse_iterator(int64_t position) noexcept: M_position(position) { } constexpr void operator ++ () noexcept { --M_position; } constexpr bool operator != (reverse_iterator other) const noexcept { return M_position != other.M_position; } constexpr int64_t operator * () const noexcept { return M_position; } }; private: const iterator M_first, M_last; public: constexpr range(int64_t first, int64_t last) noexcept: M_first(first), M_last(std::max(first, last)) { } constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept { return M_first; } constexpr iterator end() const noexcept { return M_last; } constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(*M_last - 1); } constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(*M_first - 1); } }; /** * @title Range */ #line 2 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/other/rev.cpp" #include #include #line 6 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/other/rev.cpp" template class rev_impl { public: using iterator = decltype(std::rbegin(std::declval())); private: const iterator M_begin; const iterator M_end; public: constexpr rev_impl(T &&cont) noexcept: M_begin(std::rbegin(cont)), M_end(std::rend(cont)) { } constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept { return M_begin; } constexpr iterator end() const noexcept { return M_end; } }; template constexpr decltype(auto) rev(T &&cont) { return rev_impl(std::forward(cont)); } /** * @title Reverser */ #line 2 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/algebraic/modular.cpp" #include #line 5 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/algebraic/modular.cpp" template class modular { public: using value_type = uint32_t; using cover_type = uint64_t; static constexpr value_type mod() { return Modulus::value(); } template static constexpr value_type normalize(T value_) noexcept { if (value_ < 0) { value_ = -value_; value_ %= mod(); if (value_ == 0) return 0; return mod() - value_; } return value_ % mod(); } private: value_type value; public: constexpr modular() noexcept : value(0) { } template explicit constexpr modular(T value_) noexcept : value(normalize(value_)) { } template explicit constexpr operator T() const noexcept { return static_cast(value); } constexpr value_type get() const noexcept { return value; } constexpr value_type &extract() noexcept { return value; } constexpr modular operator - () const noexcept { return modular(mod() - value); } constexpr modular operator ~ () const noexcept { return inverse(*this); } constexpr modular operator + (const modular &rhs) const noexcept { return modular(*this) += rhs; } constexpr modular& operator += (const modular &rhs) noexcept { if ((value += rhs.value) >= mod()) value -= mod(); return *this; } constexpr modular operator - (const modular &rhs) const noexcept { return modular(*this) -= rhs; } constexpr modular& operator -= (const modular &rhs) noexcept { if ((value += mod() - rhs.value) >= mod()) value -= mod(); return *this; } constexpr modular operator * (const modular &rhs) const noexcept { return modular(*this) *= rhs; } constexpr modular& operator *= (const modular &rhs) noexcept { value = (cover_type) value * rhs.value % mod(); return *this; } constexpr modular operator / (const modular &rhs) const noexcept { return modular(*this) /= rhs; } constexpr modular& operator /= (const modular &rhs) noexcept { return (*this) *= rhs.inverse(); } constexpr bool zero() const noexcept { return value == 0; } constexpr bool operator == (const modular &rhs) const noexcept { return value == rhs.value; } constexpr bool operator != (const modular &rhs) const noexcept { return value != rhs.value; } friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream &stream, const modular &rhs) { return stream << rhs.value; } friend constexpr modular inverse(modular val) noexcept { return power(val, mod() - 2); } friend constexpr modular power(modular val, cover_type exp) noexcept { modular res(1); for (; exp > 0; exp >>= 1, val *= val) if (exp & 1) res *= val; return res; } }; template struct modulus_impl { static constexpr uint32_t value() noexcept { return Val; } }; template using mint32_t = modular>; struct runtime_mod { static uint32_t &value() noexcept { static uint32_t val = 0; return val; } }; using rmint32_t = modular; /** * @title Modint */ #line 2 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/algebraic/ntt.cpp" #line 2 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/other/bit_operation.cpp" #include #line 5 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/other/bit_operation.cpp" constexpr size_t bit_ppc(const uint64_t x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); } constexpr size_t bit_ctzr(const uint64_t x) { return x == 0 ? 64 : __builtin_ctzll(x); } constexpr size_t bit_ctzl(const uint64_t x) { return x == 0 ? 64 : __builtin_clzll(x); } constexpr size_t bit_width(const uint64_t x) { return 64 - bit_ctzl(x); } constexpr uint64_t bit_msb(const uint64_t x) { return x == 0 ? 0 : uint64_t(1) << (bit_width(x) - 1); } constexpr uint64_t bit_lsb(const uint64_t x) { return x & (-x); } constexpr uint64_t bit_cover(const uint64_t x) { return x == 0 ? 0 : bit_msb(2 * x - 1); } constexpr uint64_t bit_rev(uint64_t x) { x = ((x >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555) | ((x & 0x5555555555555555) << 1); x = ((x >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333) | ((x & 0x3333333333333333) << 2); x = ((x >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F) | ((x & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F) << 4); x = ((x >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF) | ((x & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF) << 8); x = ((x >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF) | ((x & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF) << 16); x = (x >> 32) | (x << 32); return x; } /** * @title Bit Operations */ #line 4 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/algebraic/ntt.cpp" #line 10 "/Users/kodamankod/Desktop/Programming/Library/algebraic/ntt.cpp" namespace ntt_detail { constexpr uint32_t primitive_root(const uint32_t mod) { std::array exp{}; uint32_t cur = mod - 1; size_t size = 0; for (uint32_t i = 2; i * i <= cur; ++i) { if (cur % i == 0) { exp[size++] = (mod - 1) / i; while (cur % i == 0) cur /= i; } } if (cur != 1) exp[size++] = (mod - 1) / cur; for (uint32_t check = 1; check < mod; ++check) { for (auto e: exp) { if (e == 0) return check; uint64_t a = check, x = 1; while (e > 0) { if (e & 1) (x *= a) %= mod; (a *= a) %= mod; e >>= 1; } if (x == 1) break; } } return mod; }; template constexpr std::array compute_roots(T omega) { std::array res; res[N - 1] = omega; for (size_t i = N - 1; i > 0; --i) { res[i - 1] = res[i] * res[i]; } return res; } } template class number_theoretic_transform { public: using value_type = Modular; static constexpr uint32_t mod = Modular::mod(); static constexpr uint32_t prim = ntt_detail::primitive_root(mod); private: static constexpr size_t level = bit_ctzr(mod - 1); static constexpr value_type omega = power(value_type(prim), ((mod - 1) >> level)); static constexpr auto roots = ntt_detail::compute_roots(omega); static constexpr auto inv_roots = ntt_detail::compute_roots(inverse(omega)); public: static void transform(std::vector &F) { const size_t size = F.size(); const size_t logn = bit_ctzr(size); for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) { const size_t j = bit_rev(i) >> (64 - logn); if (i < j) std::swap(F[i], F[j]); } value_type coeff(1); for (size_t s = 0; s < logn; ++s) { const size_t mh = 1 << s; const size_t m = mh << 1; for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += m) { coeff = value_type(1); for (size_t j = i; j < i + mh; ++j) { const auto a = F[j]; const auto b = F[j + mh] * coeff; F[j] = a + b; F[j + mh] = a - b; coeff *= roots[s]; } } } } static void inv_transform(std::vector &F) { const size_t size = F.size(); const size_t logn = bit_ctzr(size); for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) { const size_t j = bit_rev(i) >> (64 - logn); if (i < j) std::swap(F[i], F[j]); } value_type coeff(1); for (size_t s = 0; s < logn; ++s) { const size_t mh = 1 << s; const size_t m = mh << 1; for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += m) { coeff = value_type(1); for (size_t j = i; j < i + mh; ++j) { const auto a = F[j]; const auto b = F[j + mh] * coeff; F[j] = a + b; F[j + mh] = a - b; coeff *= inv_roots[s]; } } } coeff = inverse(value_type(size)); for (auto &x: F) x *= coeff; } }; /** * @title Number Theoretic Transform */ #line 19 "main.cpp" using i32 = int32_t; using i64 = int64_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; constexpr i32 inf32 = (i32(1) << 30) - 1; constexpr i64 inf64 = (i64(1) << 62) - 1; using m32 = mint32_t<998244353>; using ntt = number_theoretic_transform; std::vector convolve(std::vector A, std::vector B) { if (A.empty() || B.empty()) return { }; const size_t res_size = A.size() + B.size() - 1; const size_t fix_size = 1 << (31 - __builtin_clz(2 * res_size - 1)); A.resize(fix_size); B.resize(fix_size); ntt::transform(A); ntt::transform(B); for (size_t i = 0; i < fix_size; ++i) { A[i] *= B[i]; } ntt::inv_transform(A); A.resize(res_size); return A; } int main() { std::string S; std::cin >> S; std::array, 26> arr; for (auto &v: arr) { v = { m32(1) }; } for (auto c: S) { auto &v = arr[c - 'a']; v.push_back(v.back() * inverse(m32(v.size()))); } auto &v = arr[0]; for (auto i: range(1, 26)) { v = convolve(std::move(v), arr[i]); } m32 cur(1), ans; for (auto i: range(0, v.size())) { ans += cur * v[i]; cur *= m32(i + 1); } std::cout << ans - m32(1) << '\n'; return 0; }