//#define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #include using namespace std; #define endl '\n' #define lfs cout<= (ll)(n); i--) using ll = long long; using ld = long double; const ll MOD1 = 1e9+7; const ll MOD9 = 998244353; const ll INF = 1e18; using P = pair; templatebool chmin(T1 &a,T2 b){if(a>b){a=b;return true;}else return false;} templatebool chmax(T1 &a,T2 b){if(avoid ans(bool x,T1 y,T2 z){if(x)cout<void debug(vector>&v,ll h,ll w){for(ll i=0;i&v,ll h,ll w){for(ll i=0;ivoid debug(vector&v,ll n){if(n!=0)cout<vector>vec(ll x, ll y, T w){vector>v(x,vector(y,w));return v;} ll gcd(ll x,ll y){ll r;while(y!=0&&(r=x%y)!=0){x=y;y=r;}return y==0?x:y;} vectordx={1,-1,0,0,1,1,-1,-1};vectordy={0,0,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1}; templatevector make_v(size_t a,T b){return vector(a,b);} templateauto make_v(size_t a,Ts... ts){return vector(a,make_v(ts...));} templateostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair&p){return os << p.first << " " << p.second;} templateostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &v){for(auto &z:v)os << z << " ";cout<<"|"; return os;} //mt19937 mt(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); template< int mod > struct ModInt { int x; ModInt() : x(0) {} ModInt(int64_t y) : x(y >= 0 ? y % mod : (mod - (-y) % mod) % mod) {} ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &p) { if((x += p.x) >= mod) x -= mod; return *this; } ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &p) { if((x += mod - p.x) >= mod) x -= mod; return *this; } ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &p) { x = (int) (1LL * x * p.x % mod); return *this; } ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &p) { *this *= p.inverse(); return *this; } ModInt operator-() const { return ModInt(-x); } ModInt operator+(const ModInt &p) const { return ModInt(*this) += p; } ModInt operator-(const ModInt &p) const { return ModInt(*this) -= p; } ModInt operator*(const ModInt &p) const { return ModInt(*this) *= p; } ModInt operator/(const ModInt &p) const { return ModInt(*this) /= p; } bool operator==(const ModInt &p) const { return x == p.x; } bool operator!=(const ModInt &p) const { return x != p.x; } ModInt inverse() const { int a = x, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t; while(b > 0) { t = a / b; swap(a -= t * b, b); swap(u -= t * v, v); } return ModInt(u); } ModInt pow(int64_t n) const { ModInt ret(1), mul(x); while(n > 0) { if(n & 1) ret *= mul; mul *= mul; n >>= 1; } return ret; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const ModInt &p) { return os << p.x; } friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, ModInt &a) { int64_t t; is >> t; a = ModInt< mod >(t); return (is); } static int get_mod() { return mod; } }; template< typename T > struct Combination { vector< T > _fact, _rfact, _inv; Combination(ll sz) : _fact(sz + 1), _rfact(sz + 1), _inv(sz + 1) { _fact[0] = _rfact[sz] = _inv[0] = 1; for(ll i = 1; i <= sz; i++) _fact[i] = _fact[i - 1] * i; _rfact[sz] /= _fact[sz]; for(ll i = sz - 1; i >= 0; i--) _rfact[i] = _rfact[i + 1] * (i + 1); for(ll i = 1; i <= sz; i++) _inv[i] = _rfact[i] * _fact[i - 1]; } inline T fact(ll k) const { return _fact[k]; } inline T rfact(ll k) const { return _rfact[k]; } inline T inv(ll k) const { return _inv[k]; } T P(ll n, ll r) const { if(r < 0 || n < r) return 0; return fact(n) * rfact(n - r); } T C(ll p, ll q) const { if(q < 0 || p < q) return 0; return fact(p) * rfact(q) * rfact(p - q); } T RC(ll p, ll q) const { if(q < 0 || p < q) return 0; return rfact(p) * fact(q) * fact(p - q); } T H(ll n, ll r) const { if(n < 0 || r < 0) return (0); return r == 0 ? 1 : C(n + r - 1, r); } }; template struct BIT{ ll n; ll k=1; vectordata; BIT() = default; BIT(ll size):n(size){ data.assign(n,0); while(k*2<=n)k*=2; } void add(ll a,T w){ for(ll i=a+1;i<=n;i+=i&-i)data[i-1]+=w; } T sum(ll a){ if(a<0)return 0; T ret = 0; for(ll i=a+1;i>0;i-=i&-i)ret+=data[i-1]; return ret; } T sum(ll a,ll b){return a>b?0:sum(b)-sum(a-1);} T operator[](ll pos){ return sum(pos,pos); } ll lower_bound(ll x){ ll ret=0; for(ll i=k;i>0;i/=2){ if(ret+i<=n&&data[ret+i-1] map compress(vector &v){ sort(ALL(v)); v.erase(unique(ALL(v)),v.end()); map ret; for(ll i=0;i<(ll)v.size();i++) ret[v[i]]=i; return ret; } using modint = ModInt< MOD9 >;modint pow(ll n, ll x){return modint(n).pow(x);}modint pow(modint n, ll x){return n.pow(x);} //using modint=ld; using Comb=Combination; int main(){ cin.tie(nullptr); ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); ll res=0,buf=0; bool judge = true; ll n;cin>>n; vectora(n); rep(i,0,n)cin>>a[i]; vectorval=a; auto mp=compress(val); modint ret=0; Comb comb(500005);//cout<<"naosu"<bit(sz); rep(i,0,n){ inv+=bit.sum(mp[a[i]]+1,sz-1); bit.add(mp[a[i]],1); } //cout<