#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define mkp make_pair #define mkt make_tuple #define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) #define all(v) v.begin(),v.end() using namespace std; typedef long long ll; const ll MOD=998244353; template void chmin(T &a,const T &b){if(a>b) a=b;} template void chmax(T &a,const T &b){if(a0){ if(n&1) res=res*x%MOD; x=x*x%MOD; n>>=1; } return res; } void add(ll &a,ll b){ a=(a+b)%MOD; } void mul(ll &a,ll b){ a%=MOD;b%=MOD; a=a*b%MOD; } #include #include //SegmentTree seg(N,[](int a,int b){return min(a,b);},INT_MAX); template< typename T> class SegmentTree{ public: using F = function; int n; vector tree; F operation; T def; SegmentTree(int size,F _operation,T _def):operation(_operation),def(_def){ n=1; while(n v){ int vSize=v.size(); n=1; while(n=0;i--) tree[i]=operation(tree[2*i+1],tree[2*i+2]); } void update(int index,T value){ index+=n-1; tree[index]=value; while(index>0){ index=(index-1)/2; tree[index]=operation(tree[2*index+1],tree[2*index+2]); } } T query(int a,int b,int k=0,int l=0,int r=-1){//[a,b),getMin(a,b,0,0,-1) if(r<0) r=n; if(r<=a||b<=l) return def; else if(a<=l&&r<=b) return tree[k]; else{ T lval=query(a,b,2*k+1,l,(l+r)/2); T rval=query(a,b,2*k+2,(l+r)/2,r); return operation(lval,rval); } } int find(int x,int k=0,int l=0,int r=-1){// a[0]+...+a[i]>=x (i:minimal) if(r<0) r=n; if(r-l==1) return k-(n-1); if(tree[2*k+1]>=x) return find(x,2*k+1,l,(l+r)/2); else return find(x-tree[2*k+1],2*k+2,(l+r)/2,r); } }; int main(){ cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); ll N; cin>>N; vector A(N); rep(i,N) cin>>A[i]; vector v=A; sort(all(v)); v.erase(unique(all(v)),v.end()); int V=v.size(); map mp; rep(i,V) mp[v[i]]=i; rep(i,N) A[i]=mp[A[i]]; setComb(); ll all=1; for(int i=1;i<=N;i++) mul(all,comb(N,i)); ll minus=0; for(int i=1;i<=N;i++){ ll val=comb(N-1,i-1)*mod_pow(comb(N,i),MOD-2)%MOD; mul(val,val); add(minus,val); } ll one=0; for(int i=1;i<=N;i++) add(one,comb(N-1,i-1)*mod_pow(comb(N,i),MOD-2)%MOD); mul(one,one); add(one,MOD-minus); mul(one,inv[2]); ll two=0; for(int i=2;i<=N;i++) add(two,comb(N-2,i-2)*mod_pow(comb(N,i),MOD-2)%MOD); ll ans=0; { SegmentTree seg(V,[](int a,int b){return a+b;},0); for(int i=0;i seg(V,[](int a,int b){return a+b;},0); for(int i=N-1;i>=0;i--){ ll num=seg.query(A[i]+1,V); ll res=1; mul(res,all*one%MOD); mul(res,num); add(ans,res); int pval=seg.query(A[i],A[i]+1); seg.update(A[i],pval+1); } } cout<