def f(N,D):
    if N<D:
        return N

    K=0
    while N>0:
        K+=N%D
        N//=D
    return f(K,D)
#============================
T=int(input())
for _ in range(T):
    D,A,B=map(int,input().split())
    X=0
    for k in range(A,B+1):
        X+=f(k,D)
    print(X)