/** * author: otera **/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; #define int long long typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ul; typedef unsigned int ui; typedef long double ld; const int inf=1e9+7; const ll INF=1LL<<60 ; const ll mod=1e9+7 ; #define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i=0;i--) #define Rep(i,sta,n) for(int i=sta;i=1;i--) #define Rep1(i,sta,n) for(int i=sta;i<=n;i++) typedef complex Point; const ld eps = 1e-8; const ld pi = acos(-1.0); typedef pair P; typedef pair LDP; typedef pair LP; #define fr first #define sc second #define all(c) c.begin(),c.end() #define pb push_back #define debug(x) cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl; template inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } template inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } template vector compress(vector A){ sort(A.begin(), A.end()); A.erase(unique(A.begin(), A.end()), A.end()); return A; } template< typename G > struct StronglyConnectedComponents { const G &g; vector> gg, rg; vector< int > comp, order, used; StronglyConnectedComponents(G &g) : g(g), gg(g.size()), rg(g.size()), comp(g.size(), -1), used(g.size()) { for(int i = 0; i < g.size(); i++) { for(auto e : g[i]) { gg[i].emplace_back((int) e); rg[(int) e].emplace_back(i); } } } int operator[](int k) { return comp[k]; } void dfs(int idx) { if(used[idx]) return; used[idx] = true; for(int to : gg[idx]) dfs(to); order.push_back(idx); } void rdfs(int idx, int cnt) { if(comp[idx] != -1) return; comp[idx] = cnt; for(int to : rg[idx]) rdfs(to, cnt); } void build(vector> &t) { for(int i = 0; i < gg.size(); i++) dfs(i); reverse(begin(order), end(order)); int ptr = 0; for(int i : order) if(comp[i] == -1) rdfs(i, ptr), ptr++; t.resize(ptr); for(int i = 0; i < g.size(); i++) { for(auto &to : g[i]) { int x = comp[i], y = comp[to]; if(x == y) continue; t[x].push_back(y); } } } }; void solve() { int n, m; cin >> n >> m; vector x; vector b(m), c(m); rep(i, m) { cin >> b[i] >> c[i]; x.pb(b[i]), x.pb(c[i]); } auto comp = compress(x); int sz = (int)comp.size(); vector> g(sz, vector()); rep(i, m) { int be = lower_bound(all(comp), b[i]) - comp.begin(); int ce = lower_bound(all(comp), c[i]) - comp.begin(); g[be].pb(ce); } StronglyConnectedComponents>> scc(g); vector> t; scc.build(t); vector dp(sz, 0); rep(i, sz) { chmax(dp[scc[i]], comp[i]); } for(int i = (int)t.size() - 1; i >= 0; -- i) { for(int j: t[i]) { chmax(dp[i], dp[j]); } } int ans = n * (n + 1) / 2; rep(i, sz) { ans += dp[scc[i]] - comp[i]; } cout << ans << endl; } signed main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); //cout << fixed << setprecision(10); //int t; cin >> t; rep(i, t)solve(); solve(); return 0; }