import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		int t = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
		int m = 998244353;
		for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {
			String[] sa = br.readLine().split(" ");
			int n = Integer.parseInt(sa[0]);
			int k = Integer.parseInt(sa[1]);
			long total = power(power(2, n, m), k, m) * n % m;
			long rem = power(power(2, n - 1, m), k, m) * n % m;
			long ans = (total - rem + m) % m;
			System.out.println(ans);
		}
		br.close();
	}

	static long power(long x, long n, int m) {
		if (n == 0) {
			return 1;
		}
		long val = power(x, n / 2, m);
		val = val * val % m;
		if (n % 2 == 1) {
			val = val * x % m;
		}
		return val;
	}
}