(in-package :cl-user)
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (sb-int:defconstant-eqx opt
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0))
    #'equal)
  #+swank (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam) :silent t)
  #-swank (set-dispatch-macro-character
           #\# #\> (lambda (s c p) (declare (ignore c p)) `(values ,(read s nil nil t)))))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(defconstant +mod+ 998244353)

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank (if (= (length forms) 1)
              `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',(car forms) ,(car forms))
              `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',forms `(,,@forms)))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(declaim (inline println))
(defun println (obj &optional (stream *standard-output*))
  (let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
    (prog1 (princ obj stream) (terpri stream))))

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
;;;
;;; Arithmetic operations with static modulus
;;;

(defpackage :cp/mod-operations
  (:use :cl)
  (:export #:define-mod-operations))
(in-package :cp/mod-operations)

;; NOTE: Currently MOD* and MOD+ doesn't apply MOD when the number of
;; parameters is one. For simplicity I won't fix it for now.
(defmacro define-mod-operations (divisor)
  (let ((mod* (intern "MOD*"))
        (mod+ (intern "MOD+"))
        (incfmod (intern "INCFMOD"))
        (decfmod (intern "DECFMOD"))
        (mulfmod (intern "MULFMOD")))
    `(progn
       (defun ,mod* (&rest args)
         (reduce (lambda (x y) (mod (* x y) ,divisor)) args))

       (defun ,mod+ (&rest args)
         (reduce (lambda (x y) (mod (+ x y) ,divisor)) args))

       #+sbcl
       (eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
         (locally (declare (sb-ext:muffle-conditions warning))
           (sb-c:define-source-transform ,mod* (&rest args)
             (if (null args)
                 1
                 (reduce (lambda (x y) `(mod (* ,x ,y) ,',divisor)) args)))
           (sb-c:define-source-transform ,mod+ (&rest args)
             (if (null args)
                 0
                 (reduce (lambda (x y) `(mod (+ ,x ,y) ,',divisor)) args)))))

       (define-modify-macro ,incfmod (delta)
         (lambda (x y) (mod (+ x y) ,divisor)))

       (define-modify-macro ,decfmod (delta)
         (lambda (x y) (mod (- x y) ,divisor)))

       (define-modify-macro ,mulfmod (multiplier)
         (lambda (x y) (mod (* x y) ,divisor))))))

(defpackage :cp/mod-power
  (:use :cl)
  (:export #:mod-power))
(in-package :cp/mod-power)

(declaim (inline mod-power))
(defun mod-power (base power modulus)
  "Returns BASE^POWER mod MODULUS. Note: 0^0 = 1.

BASE := integer
POWER, MODULUS := non-negative fixnum"
  (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) modulus power)
           (integer base))
  (let ((base (mod base modulus))
        (res (mod 1 modulus)))
    (declare ((integer 0 #.most-positive-fixnum) base res))
    (loop while (> power 0)
          when (oddp power)
          do (setq res (mod (* res base) modulus))
          do (setq base (mod (* base base) modulus)
                   power (ash power -1)))
    res))


;; BEGIN_USE_PACKAGE
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (use-package :cp/mod-power :cl-user))
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (use-package :cp/mod-operations :cl-user))
(in-package :cl-user)

;;;
;;; Body
;;;

(define-mod-operations +mod+)
(defun main ()
  (let* ((tt (read)))
    (dotimes (_ tt)
      (let ((n (read))
            (k (read)))
        (println (mod* (- (mod-power 2 (* n k) +mod+)
                          (mod-power 2 (* (- n 1) k) +mod+))
                       n))))))

#-swank (main)

;;;
;;; Test and benchmark
;;;

#+swank
(defun get-clipbrd ()
  (with-output-to-string (out)
    #+os-windows (run-program "powershell.exe" '("-Command" "Get-Clipboard") :output out :search t)
    #+os-unix (run-program "xsel" '("-b" "-o") :output out :search t)))

#+swank (defparameter *this-pathname* (uiop:current-lisp-file-pathname))
#+swank (defparameter *dat-pathname* (uiop:merge-pathnames* "test.dat" *this-pathname*))

#+swank
(defun run (&optional thing (out *standard-output*))
  "THING := null | string | symbol | pathname

null: run #'MAIN using the text on clipboard as input.
string: run #'MAIN using the string as input.
symbol: alias of FIVEAM:RUN!.
pathname: run #'MAIN using the text file as input."
  (let* ((*standard-output* (or out (make-string-output-stream)))
         (res (etypecase thing
                (null
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return (get-clipbrd)))
                   (main)))
                (string
                 (with-input-from-string (*standard-input* (delete #\Return thing))
                   (main)))
                (symbol (5am:run! thing))
                (pathname
                 (with-open-file (*standard-input* thing)
                   (main))))))
    (if out res (get-output-stream-string *standard-output*))))

#+swank
(defun gen-dat ()
  (uiop:with-output-file (out *dat-pathname* :if-exists :supersede)
    (format out "")))

#+swank
(defun bench (&optional (out (make-broadcast-stream)))
  (time (run *dat-pathname* out)))

;; To run: (5am:run! :sample)
#+swank
(it.bese.fiveam:test :sample
  (it.bese.fiveam:is
   (equal "3
6242304
358532619
"
          (run "3
1 2
3 7
172894913 183245832
" nil))))