#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cmath>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<utility>

using namespace std;

#define int long long
#define endl "\n"

constexpr long long INF = (long long)1e18;
constexpr long long MOD =  998244353; 

struct fast_io {
	fast_io(){
		std::cin.tie(nullptr);
		std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	};
} fio;

long long power(long long x, long long n){
		long long ans = 1;
		for(;n;n >>= 1, x *= x, ans %= MOD, x %= MOD)
			if(n&1)ans*=x;
		return ans % MOD;
	}
    
signed main(){
	cout<<fixed<<setprecision(10);
	
	int T;
    
    cin>>T;
    
    for(int _ = 0; _ < T; _++){
        int N, K;
        int ans = 0;
        
        cin>>N>>K;
        
        ans = power(power(2, K), N-1) * N % MOD *(power(2,K) + MOD - 1) % MOD;
        
        cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
	
	
	return 0;
}