#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
#define REP(i,m,n) for(int i=(m);i<(n);i++)
#define rep(i,n) REP(i,0,n)
#define pb push_back
#define all(a) a.begin(),a.end()
#define rall(c) (c).rbegin(),(c).rend()
#define mp make_pair
#define endl '\n'
#define vec vector<ll>
#define mat vector<vector<ll> >
#define fi first
#define se second
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<ll,ll> pll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef complex<double> comp;
const ll inf=1e9+7;
const ll mod=998244353;
const int MAX=300010;

ll rui(ll a,ll b){
    ll res=1;
    ll x=a;
    while(b){
        if(b&1)res=res*x%mod;
        b/=2;
        x=x*x%mod;
    }
    return res;
}

signed main(){
    ll t;cin>>t;
    while(t){
        t--;
        ll n,k;cin>>n>>k;
        ll d=rui(2LL,n);
        ll s=rui(2LL,n-1);
        ll ans=(rui(d,k)-rui(s,k))%mod*n%mod;
        if(ans<0)ans+=mod;
        cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
}