#pragma GCC target("avx2")
#pragma GCC optimize("03")
#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std; typedef long double ld; typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
#define endl "\n"
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<=(b);i++)
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++)
#define PII pair<int, int>
#define PLL pair<ll, ll>
#define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
constexpr int INF=1<<30; constexpr ll LINF=1LL<<60; constexpr ll mod=998244353; constexpr int NIL = -1;
template<class T>vector<T> vec(int len, T elem) { return vector<T>(len, elem); } // auto dp = vec(52, vec(103, vec(103, INF)));
template<class T>inline bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T>inline bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (b<a) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T>inline int popcount(T a) {return __builtin_popcount(a);}
template<class T>inline T emod(T a, T p) { return (a%p + p) % p;}
template <typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &vec) { for (auto &v : vec) is >> v; return is; }
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &vec) {os << '\n'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ' '; os << '\n'; return os;}
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const deque<T> &vec) { os << "deq["; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << ']'; return os; }
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const set<T> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_set<T> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const multiset<T> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_multiset<T> &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <typename T1, typename T2> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T1, T2> &pa) { os << '(' << pa.first << ',' << pa.second << ')'; return os; }
template <typename TK, typename TV> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const map<TK, TV> &mp) { os << '{'; for (auto v : mp) os << v.first << "=>" << v.second << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
template <typename TK, typename TV> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_map<TK, TV> &mp) { os << '{'; for (auto v : mp) os << v.first << "=>" << v.second << ','; os << '}'; return os; }
//----------------
struct mint {
	ll x;
	mint(ll x=0):x(x%mod){}

	bool operator==(const mint a)const{return x==a.x;}
	bool operator!=(const mint a)const{return x!=a.x;}
	bool operator>=(const mint a){return (x >= a.x)? 1: 0;}
	bool operator<(const mint a){return !(*this>=a);}
	bool operator>(const mint a){return (x > a.x)? 1:0;}
	bool operator<=(const mint a){return !(*this>a);}
	mint& operator+=(const mint a) {
		if ((x += a.x) >= mod) x -= mod;
			return *this;
	}
	mint& operator-=(const mint a) {
		if ((x += mod-a.x) >= mod) x -= mod;
			return *this;
	}
	mint& operator*=(const mint a) {
		(x *= a.x) %= mod;
		return *this;
	}
	mint& operator/=(const mint a) {
		return (*this) *= a.inv();
	}
	mint operator+(const mint a) const {
		mint res(*this);
		return res+=a;
	}
	mint operator-(const mint a) const {
		mint res(*this);
		return res-=a;
	}
	mint operator*(const mint a) const {
		mint res(*this);
		return res*=a;
	}
	mint operator/(const mint a) const {
		mint res(*this);
		return res/=a;
	}
	mint pow(ll t) const {
		if (!t) return 1;
		mint a = pow(t>>1);
		a *= a;  //2 square
		if (t&1) a *= *this; 
		return a;
	}
	// for prime mod
	mint inv() const {
		return pow(mod-2);
	}
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const mint& m){
        os << m.x;
        return os;
    }
};

struct combination {
  vector<mint> fact, ifact;
  combination(int n):fact(n+1),ifact(n+1) {
    fact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) fact[i] = fact[i-1]*i;
    ifact[n] = fact[n].inv();
    for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i) ifact[i-1] = ifact[i]*i;
  }
  mint operator()(int n, int k) {
    if (k < 0 || k > n) return 0;
    return fact[n]*ifact[k]*ifact[n-k];
  }
} comb(100005);

mint f(int n, int k) {
  if (n < 0) return 0;
  // nPk = nCk * k!
  mint res = comb(n,k);
  res *= comb.fact[k];
  return res;
}
void solve() {
    int n,k; cin >> n >> k;
    mint all = mint(2).pow(n).pow(k);
    mint nt = mint(2).pow(n-1).pow(k);
    mint ans = (all-nt) * n;
    cout << ans << endl;
}
int main() {
    cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
    int t; cin >> t;
    while(t--) solve();
    return 0;
}