#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define int long long
using namespace std;
const int mod=998244353;
int p(int A,int B){
    if(!B)return 1;
    if(B%2)return p(A,B-1)*A%mod;
    int C=p(A,B/2);
    return C*C%mod;
}
signed main(){
    int Q;
    cin>>Q;
    while(Q--){
        int N,K;
        cin>>N>>K;
        cout<<(N*p(p(2,N),K)%mod-N*p(p(2,N-1),K)%mod+mod)%mod<<endl;
    }
}