#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<bitset>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<deque>
#include<list>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<functional>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<numeric>
using namespace std;

#define repr(i, a, b) for (int i = (int)(a); i < (int)(b); i++)
#define rep(i, n) repr(i, 0, n)
#define INF 2e9
//#define MOD 1000000007
#define MOD 998244353
#define LINF (long long)4e18
#define jck 3.141592

const double EPS = 1e-10;

using ll = long long;
using Pi = pair<int,int>;
using Pl = pair<ll,ll>;

ll modpow(ll a, ll n, ll m){
    if(n == 0) return 1;
    ll half = modpow(a,n/2,m);
    ll res = half * half % m;
    if(n & 1) res = res * (a%m) % m;
    return res;
}

ll modinv(ll a, ll m) {
    ll b = m, u = 1, v = 0;
    while (b) {
        ll t = a / b;
        a -= t * b; swap(a, b);
        u -= t * v; swap(u, v);
    }
    u %= m;
    if (u < 0) u += m;
    return u;
}


int main(){
    int t; cin >> t;
    while(t--){
        ll n,k; cin >> n >> k;
        ll ans = modpow(2,n*k,MOD)*n%MOD*(1-modinv(modpow(2,k,MOD),MOD)+MOD)%MOD;
        cout << ans << endl;
    }
}