#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define printVec(v) printf("{"); for (const auto& i : v) { std::cout << i << ", "; } printf("}\n");
#define degreeToRadian(deg) (((deg)/360)*2*M_PI)
#define radianTodegree(rad) (((rad)/2/M_PI)*360)
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
using namespace std;
using P = pair<int,int>;
using ll = long long;
const ll INF = 1LL<<60;
//const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const ll MOD = 998244353;
const int dx[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
const int dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};

//cin.tie(0);ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
//cout << fixed << setprecision(15) << y << endl;

struct mint {
  ll x;
  mint(ll x=0):x((x%MOD+MOD)%MOD){}
  mint operator-() const { return mint(-x);}
  mint& operator+=(const mint a) {
    if ((x += a.x) >= MOD) x -= MOD;
    return *this;
  }
  mint& operator-=(const mint a) {
    if ((x += MOD-a.x) >= MOD) x -= MOD;
    return *this;
  }
  mint& operator*=(const mint a) {
    (x *= a.x) %= MOD;
    return *this;
  }
  mint operator+(const mint a) const {
    mint res(*this);
    return res+=a;
  }
  mint operator-(const mint a) const {
    mint res(*this);
    return res-=a;
  }
  mint operator*(const mint a) const {
    mint res(*this);
    return res*=a;
  }
  mint pow(ll t) const {
    if (!t) return 1;
    mint a = pow(t>>1);
    a *= a;
    if (t&1) a *= *this;
    return a;
  }
 
  // for prime MOD
  mint inv() const {
    return pow(MOD-2);
  }
  mint& operator/=(const mint a) {
    return (*this) *= a.inv();
  }
  mint operator/(const mint a) const {
    mint res(*this);
    return res/=a;
  }
};

// pow mod
mint powm(ll a, ll n) {
  mint res = 1;
  mint x = a;
  while (n > 0) {
    if (n & 1) res *= x;
    x *= x;
    n >>= 1;
  }
  return res;
}

int main() {
  int T;
  cin >> T;
  vector<ll> answers;
  rep (i, T) {
    ll N, K;
    cin >> N >> K;
    mint n = N;
    mint ans = n * powm(2, N * K) * ((mint)1 - ((mint)1/powm(2, K)));
    answers.push_back(ans.x);
  }

  for (auto v : answers) {
    cout << v << endl;
  }
  
  
  return 0;
}