//#pragma GCC target("avx2,avx") #pragma GCC optimize("O3") #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") //#include //using namespace atcoder; //using mint = modint998244353; //using mint = modint1000000007; #include using namespace std; //#include //#include //using namespace __gnu_pbds; //using i128 = __int128_t; using ll = long long; using ull = unsigned long long; using pii = pair; using pll = pair; #define rep(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) #define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size()) constexpr char ln = '\n'; template inline bool chmax(T1 &a, T2 b) {if (a < b) {a = b; return true;} return false;} template inline bool chmin(T1 &a, T2 b) {if (a > b) {a = b; return true;} return false;} inline int topbit(int x) {return x == 0 ? -1 : 31-__builtin_clz(x);} inline int topbit(long long x) {return x == 0 ? -1 : 63-__builtin_clzll(x);} inline int botbit(int x) {return x == 0 ? 32 : __builtin_ctz(x);} inline int botbit(long long x) {return x == 0 ? 64 : __builtin_ctzll(x);} inline int popcount(int x) {return __builtin_popcount(x);} inline int popcount(long long x) {return __builtin_popcountll(x);} inline int kthbit(long long x, int k) {return (x>>k)&1;} inline void print() {cout << "\n";} template inline void print(const vector &v) { for (auto itr = v.begin(); itr != v.end(); ++itr) cout << *itr << " "; print(); } template inline void print(const T &x, const Args &... args) { cout << x << " "; print(args...); } #ifdef MINATO_LOCAL #define dump(x) cerr << __LINE__ << " : " << #x << " = " << (x) << endl; inline void debug() {cerr << endl;} template inline void debug(const vector &v) { for (auto itr = v.begin(); itr != v.end(); ++itr) cerr << *itr << " "; debug(); } template inline void debug(const T &x, const Args &... args) { cerr << x << " "; debug(args...); } #else #define dump(x) void(0) inline void debug() {} template inline void debug(const vector &v) {} template inline void debug(const T &x, const Args &... args) {} #endif struct Fast_ios {Fast_ios() {cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(20);};} fast_ios; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// template struct ModInt { using u64 = uint_fast64_t; u64 a; constexpr ModInt(const long long x = 0) noexcept : a(x >= 0 ? x % Modulus : (Modulus - (-x) % Modulus) % Modulus) {} constexpr u64 &value() noexcept {return a;} constexpr const u64 &value() const noexcept {return a;} constexpr ModInt operator+(const ModInt rhs) const noexcept {return ModInt(*this) += rhs;} constexpr ModInt operator-(const ModInt rhs) const noexcept {return ModInt(*this) -= rhs;} constexpr ModInt operator*(const ModInt rhs) const noexcept {return ModInt(*this) *= rhs;} constexpr ModInt operator/(const ModInt rhs) const noexcept {return ModInt(*this) /= rhs;} constexpr ModInt operator^(const long long rhs) const noexcept {return ModInt(*this) ^= rhs;} constexpr bool operator==(const ModInt &rhs) const noexcept {return a == rhs.a;} constexpr bool operator!=(const ModInt &rhs) const noexcept {return a != rhs.a;} constexpr ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt rhs) noexcept { a += rhs.a; if (a >= Modulus) { a -= Modulus; } return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt rhs) noexcept { if (a < rhs.a) { a += Modulus; } a -= rhs.a; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt rhs) noexcept { a = a * rhs.a % Modulus; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator/=(ModInt rhs) noexcept { u64 exp = Modulus - 2; while (exp) { if (exp&1) *this *= rhs; exp >>= 1; rhs *= rhs; } return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator^=(long long exp) noexcept { ModInt rhs = a; a = 1; while (exp) { if (exp&1) *this *= rhs; exp >>= 1; rhs *= rhs; } return *this; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const ModInt& rhs) noexcept {return os << rhs.a;} friend istream &operator>>(istream& is, ModInt& rhs) noexcept {long long a; is >> a; rhs = a; return is;} }; constexpr long long MOD = 1000000007; //constexpr long long MOD = 998244353; using mint = ModInt; struct ModCombination { vector Fac,Facinv; ModCombination(int x) { Fac.resize(x+1); Facinv.resize(x+1); Fac[0] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i) Fac[i+1] = Fac[i]*(i+1); Facinv[x] = Fac[0]/Fac[x]; for (int i = x; i > 0; --i) Facinv[i-1] = Facinv[i]*i; } mint get(int n, int k) { if (k < 0 || k > n) return 0; return Fac[n]*Facinv[k]*Facinv[n-k]; } }; int main() { int N; cin >> N; ModCombination MC(N); mint ans = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) { mint val = i; val ^= (N-i); ans += MC.get(N,i)*val; } cout << ans << ln; }