#include <iostream>
//#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
//#include <deque>
//#include <bitset>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std ;
using ll = long long ;
//using ld = long double ;
using vll = vector<ll> ;
using vvll = vector<vll> ;
using vc = vector<char> ;
using vvc = vector<vc> ;
//using vb = vector<bool> ;
//using vvb = vector<vb> ;
using pll = pair<ll,ll> ;
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
ll mod = 998244353 ;
//long double pie = acos(-1) ;
ll INF = 1000000000000 ;

void yorn(bool a){if(a) cout << "Yes" << endl ; else cout << "No" << endl ;}
//void YorN(bool a){if(a) cout << "YES" << endl ; else cout << "NO" << endl ;}
ll gcd(long long a,long long b){if(b==0) return a ; return gcd(b,a%b) ;}
ll lcm(long long a,long long b){return a/gcd(a,b)*b ;}
//ll sa(long long a,long long b){if(a>b) return a-b ; return b-a ;}
//void fix_cout(){cout << fixed << setprecision(20) ;}
void chmax(ll &a,ll b){	if(a<b) a = b ;}
void chmin(ll &a,ll b){ if(a>b) a = b ;}

ll modpow(ll a,ll b){
    ll res = 1 ;
    while(b>0){
        if(b&1) res = res*a%mod ;
        b >>= 1 ;
        a = a*a%mod ;
    }
    return res ;
}

int main(){
    int t ; cin >> t ;
    while(t--){
        ll n,k ;
        cin >> n >> k ;
        cout << n*(modpow(2,n*k)-modpow(2,n*k-k)+mod)%mod << endl ;
    }
}