import java.util.*; import java.io.*; import java.math.*; import java.util.function.*; public class Main implements Runnable { static boolean DEBUG; public static void main(String[] args) { DEBUG = args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("-DEBUG"); Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); }); new Thread(null, new Main(), "", 1 << 31).start(); } public void run() { Solver solver = new Solver(); solver.solve(); solver.exit(); } static class FastScanner { private final InputStream in = System.in; private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; private int pointer = 0; private int buflen = 0; private boolean hasNextByte() { if(pointer < buflen) return true; else { pointer = 0; try { buflen = in.read(buffer); }catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return buflen > 0; } } private int readByte() { if(hasNextByte()) return buffer[pointer ++]; else return -1; } private boolean isPrintableChar(int c) { return isPrintableChar(c, false); } private boolean isPrintableChar(int c, boolean includingSpace) { return (includingSpace ? 32 : 33) <= c && c <= 126; } private void skipUnprintable() { skipUnprintable(false); } private void skipUnprintable(boolean includingSpace) { while(hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[pointer], includingSpace)) pointer++; } private boolean hasNext() { return hasNext(false); } private boolean hasNext(boolean includingSpace) { skipUnprintable(includingSpace); return hasNextByte(); } private StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); public String next() { return next(false); } public String next(boolean includingSpace) { if(!hasNext(includingSpace)) throw new NoSuchElementException(); sb.setLength(0); int b = readByte(); while(isPrintableChar(b, includingSpace)) { sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte(); } return sb.toString(); } public long nextLong() { if(!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); long n = 0; boolean minus = false; int b = readByte(); if(b == '-') { minus = true; b = readByte(); } if(b < '0' || '9' < b) throw new NumberFormatException(); while(true) { if('0' <= b && b <= '9') n = n * 10 + b - '0'; else if(b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) return minus ? -n : n; else throw new NumberFormatException(); b = readByte(); } } } static class Solver { FastScanner sc = new FastScanner(); public Solver() { } String ns() { return ns(false); } String ns(boolean includingSpace) { return sc.next(includingSpace); } String[] ns(int n) { return ns(n, false); } String[] ns(int n, boolean includingSpace) { String a[] = new String[n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = ns(includingSpace); return a; } String[][] ns(int n, int m) { return ns(n, m, false); } String[][] ns(int n, int m, boolean includingSpace) { String a[][] = new String[n][m]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = ns(m, includingSpace); return a; } char nc() { return ns().charAt(0); } char[] nc(int n) { String str = ns(); if(n < 0) n = str.length(); char a[] = new char[n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = str.charAt(i); return a; } char[][] nc(int n, int m) { char a[][] = new char[n][m]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = nc(m); return a; } boolean[] nb(int n, char t) { char c[] = nc(-1); if(n < 0) n = c.length; boolean a[] = new boolean[n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = c[i] == t; return a; } boolean[][] nb(int n, int m, char t) { boolean a[][] = new boolean[n][m]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = nb(m, t); return a; } int ni() { return Math.toIntExact(sc.nextLong()); } int[] ni(int n) { int a[] = new int[n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = ni(); return a; } int[][] ni(int n, int m) { int a[][] = new int[n][m]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = ni(m); return a; } long nl() { return sc.nextLong(); } long[] nl(int n) { long a[] = new long[n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = nl(); return a; } long[][] nl(int n, int m) { long a[][] = new long[n][m]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = nl(m); return a; } double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(sc.next()); } double[] nd(int n) { double a[] = new double[n]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = nd(); return a; } double[][] nd(int n, int m) { double a[][] = new double[n][m]; for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) a[i] = nd(m); return a; } String booleanToString(boolean b) { return b ? "#" : "."; } PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out); PrintWriter err = new PrintWriter(System.err); StringBuilder sb4prtln = new StringBuilder(); void prt() { out.print(""); } void prt(T a) { out.print(a); } void prtln() { out.println(""); } void prtln(T a) { out.println(a); } void prtln(int... a) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(int element : a) sb4prtln.append(element+" "); prtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } void prtln(long... a) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(long element : a) sb4prtln.append(element+" "); prtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } void prtln(double... a) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(double element : a) sb4prtln.append(element+" "); prtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } void prtln(String... a) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(String element : a) sb4prtln.append(element+" "); prtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } void prtln(char... a) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(char element : a) sb4prtln.append(element); prtln(sb4prtln.toString()); } void prtln(boolean... a) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(boolean element : a) sb4prtln.append(booleanToString(element)); prtln(sb4prtln.toString()); } void prtln(int[][] a) { for(int[] element : a) prtln(element); } void prtln(long[][] a) { for(long[] element : a) prtln(element); } void prtln(double[][] a) { for(double[] element : a) prtln(element); } void prtln(String[][] a) { for(String[] element : a) prtln(element); } void prtln(char[][] a) { for(char[] element : a) prtln(element); } void prtln(boolean[][] a) { for(boolean[] element : a) prtln(element); } String errconvert(int a) { return isINF(a) ? "_" : String.valueOf(a); } String errconvert(long a) { return isINF(a) ? "_" : String.valueOf(a); } void errprt(int a) { if(DEBUG) err.print(errconvert(a)); } void errprt(long a) { if(DEBUG) err.print(errconvert(a)); } void errprt() { if(DEBUG) err.print(""); } void errprt(T a) { if(DEBUG) err.print(a); } void errprt(boolean a) { if(DEBUG) errprt(booleanToString(a)); } void errprtln() { if(DEBUG) err.println(""); } void errprtln(int a) { if(DEBUG) err.println(errconvert(a)); } void errprtln(long a) { if(DEBUG) err.println(errconvert(a)); } void errprtln(T a) { if(DEBUG) err.println(a); } void errprtln(boolean a) { if(DEBUG) errprtln(booleanToString(a)); } void errprtln(int... a) { if(DEBUG) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(int element : a) sb4prtln.append(errconvert(element)+" "); errprtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } } void errprtln(long... a) { if(DEBUG) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(long element : a) sb4prtln.append(errconvert(element)+" "); errprtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } } void errprtln(double... a) { if(DEBUG) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(double element : a) sb4prtln.append(element+" "); errprtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } } void errprtln(String... a) { if(DEBUG) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(String element : a) sb4prtln.append(element+" "); errprtln(sb4prtln.toString().trim()); } } void errprtln(char... a) { if(DEBUG) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(char element : a) sb4prtln.append(element); errprtln(sb4prtln.toString()); } } void errprtln(boolean... a) { if(DEBUG) { sb4prtln.setLength(0); for(boolean element : a) sb4prtln.append(booleanToString(element)); errprtln(sb4prtln.toString()); } } void errprtln(Object[] a) { if(DEBUG) for(Object element : a) errprtln(element); } void errprtln(int[][] a) { if(DEBUG) for(int[] element : a) errprtln(element); } void errprtln(long[][] a) { if(DEBUG) for(long[] element : a) errprtln(element); } void errprtln(double[][] a) { if(DEBUG) for(double[] element : a) errprtln(element); } void errprtln(String[][] a) { if(DEBUG) for(String[] element : a) errprtln(element); } void errprtln(char[][] a) { if(DEBUG) for(char[] element : a) errprtln(element); } void errprtln(boolean[][] a) { if(DEBUG) for(boolean[] element : a) errprtln(element); } void errprtln(Object[][] a) { if(DEBUG) for(Object element : a) { errprtln(element); errprtln(); } } void reply(boolean b) { prtln(b ? "Yes" : "No"); } void REPLY(boolean b) { prtln(b ? "YES" : "NO"); } void flush() { out.flush(); if(DEBUG) err.flush(); } void assertion(boolean b) { if(!b) { flush(); throw new AssertionError(); } } void exit() { flush(); System.exit(0); } void exit(T a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(int... a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(long... a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(double... a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(String... a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(char... a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(boolean... a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(int[][] a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(long[][] a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(double[][] a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(String[][] a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(char[][] a) { prtln(a); exit(); } void exit(boolean[][] a) { prtln(a); exit(); } final long INF = (long)1e18 + 7; boolean isPlusINF(long a) { return a > INF / 10; } boolean isMinusINF(long a) { return isPlusINF(- a); } boolean isINF(long a) { return isPlusINF(a) || isMinusINF(a); } final int I_INF = (int)1e9 + 7; boolean isPlusINF(int a) { return a > I_INF / 10; } boolean isMinusINF(int a) { return isPlusINF(- a); } boolean isINF(int a) { return isPlusINF(a) || isMinusINF(a); } int min(int a, int b) { return Math.min(a, b); } long min(long a, long b) { return Math.min(a, b); } double min(double a, double b) { return Math.min(a, b); } > T min(T a, T b) { return a.compareTo(b) <= 0 ? a : b; } int min(int... x) { int min = x[0]; for(int val : x) min = min(min, val); return min; } long min(long... x) { long min = x[0]; for(long val : x) min = min(min, val); return min; } double min(double... x) { double min = x[0]; for(double val : x) min = min(min, val); return min; } int max(int a, int b) { return Math.max(a, b); } long max(long a, long b) { return Math.max(a, b); } double max(double a, double b) { return Math.max(a, b); } > T max(T a, T b) { return a.compareTo(b) >= 0 ? a : b; } int max(int... x) { int max = x[0]; for(int val : x) max = max(max, val); return max; } long max(long... x) { long max = x[0]; for(long val : x) max = max(max, val); return max; } double max(double... x) { double max = x[0]; for(double val : x) max = max(max, val); return max; } > T max(T[] x) { T max = x[0]; for(T val : x) max = max(max, val); return max; } int max(int[][] a) { int max = a[0][0]; for(int[] ele : a) max = max(max, max(ele)); return max; } long max(long[][] a) { long max = a[0][0]; for(long[] ele : a) max = max(max, max(ele)); return max; } double max(double[][] a) { double max = a[0][0]; for(double[] ele : a) max = max(max, max(ele)); return max; } > T max(T[][] a) { T max = a[0][0]; for(T[] ele : a) max = max(max, max(ele)); return max; } long sum(int... a) { long sum = 0; for(int element : a) sum += element; return sum; } long sum(long... a) { long sum = 0; for(long element : a) sum += element; return sum; } double sum(double... a) { double sum = 0; for(double element : a) sum += element; return sum; } long sum(boolean... a) { long sum = 0; for(boolean element : a) sum += element ? 1 : 0; return sum; } long[] sums(int[] a) { long sum[] = new long[a.length + 1]; sum[0] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) sum[i + 1] = sum[i] + a[i]; return sum; } long[] sums(long[] a) { long sum[] = new long[a.length + 1]; sum[0] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) sum[i + 1] = sum[i] + a[i]; return sum; } double[] sums(double[] a) { double sum[] = new double[a.length + 1]; sum[0] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) sum[i + 1] = sum[i] + a[i]; return sum; } long[] sums(boolean[] a) { long sum[] = new long[a.length + 1]; sum[0] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) sum[i + 1] = sum[i] + (a[i] ? 1 : 0); return sum; } long[][] sums(int[][] a) { long sum[][] = new long[a.length + 1][a[0].length + 1]; fill(sum, 0); for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) { for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j ++) { sum[i + 1][j + 1] = sum[i + 1][j] + sum[i][j + 1] - sum[i][j] + a[i][j]; } } return sum; } long[][] sums(long[][] a) { long sum[][] = new long[a.length + 1][a[0].length + 1]; fill(sum, 0); for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) { for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j ++) { sum[i + 1][j + 1] = sum[i + 1][j] + sum[i][j + 1] - sum[i][j] + a[i][j]; } } return sum; } double[][] sums(double[][] a) { double sum[][] = new double[a.length + 1][a[0].length + 1]; fill(sum, 0); for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) { for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j ++) { sum[i + 1][j + 1] = sum[i + 1][j] + sum[i][j + 1] - sum[i][j] + a[i][j]; } } return sum; } long[][] sums(boolean[][] a) { long sum[][] = new long[a.length + 1][a[0].length + 1]; fill(sum, 0); for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) { for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j ++) { sum[i + 1][j + 1] = sum[i + 1][j] + sum[i][j + 1] - sum[i][j] + (a[i][j] ? 1 : 0); } } return sum; } int constrain(int x, int l, int r) { return min(max(x, min(l, r)), max(l, r)); } long constrain(long x, long l, long r) { return min(max(x, min(l, r)), max(l, r)); } double constrain(double x, double l, double r) { return min(max(x, min(l, r)), max(l, r)); } int abs(int x) { return x >= 0 ? x : - x; } long abs(long x) { return x >= 0 ? x : - x; } double abs(double x) { return x >= 0 ? x : - x; } int signum(int x) { return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0; } int signum(long x) { return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0; } int signum(double x) { return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0; } long round(double x) { return Math.round(x); } long floor(double x) { return (long)Math.floor(x); } int divfloor(int a, int b) { return signum(a) == signum(b) ? a / b : - divceil(abs(a), abs(b)); } long divfloor(long a, long b) { return signum(a) == signum(b) ? a / b : - divceil(abs(a), abs(b)); } long ceil(double x) { return (long)Math.ceil(x); } int divceil(int a, int b) { return a >= 0 && b > 0 ? (a + b - 1) / b : a < 0 && b < 0 ? divceil(abs(a), abs(b)) : - divfloor(abs(a), abs(b)); } long divceil(long a, long b) { return a >= 0 && b > 0 ? (a + b - 1) / b : a < 0 && b < 0 ? divceil(abs(a), abs(b)) : - divfloor(abs(a), abs(b)); } double sqrt(int x) { return Math.sqrt((double)x); } double sqrt(long x) { return Math.sqrt((double)x); } double sqrt(double x) { return Math.sqrt(x); } long fact(int n) { long ans = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) ans = Math.multiplyExact(ans, i); return ans; } double pow(double x, double y) { return Math.pow(x, y); } long pow(long x, long y) { long ans = 1; while(true) { if(y % 2 != 0) ans = Math.multiplyExact(ans, x); y /= 2; if(y <= 0) return ans; x = Math.multiplyExact(x, x); } } int gcd(int a, int b) { while(true) { if(b == 0) return a; int tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp % b; } } long gcd(long a, long b) { while(true) { if(b == 0) return a; long tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp % b; } } long lcm(long a, long b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; } int gcd(int... a) { int gcd = 0; for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) gcd = gcd(gcd, a[i]); return gcd; } long gcd(long... a) { long gcd = 0; for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) gcd = gcd(gcd, a[i]); return gcd; } double random() { return Math.random(); } int random(int max) { return (int)floor(random() * max); } long random(long max) { return floor(random() * max); } double random(double max) { return random() * max; } int random(int min, int max) { return random(max - min) + min; } long random(long min, long max) { return random(max - min) + min; } double random(double min, double max) { return random(max - min) + min; } boolean isUpper(char a) { return a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z'; } boolean isLower(char a) { return a >= 'a' && a <= 'z'; } int upperToInt(char a) { return a - 'A'; } int lowerToInt(char a) { return a - 'a'; } int numToInt(char a) { return a - '0'; } int charToInt(char a) { return a >= 'a' ? lowerToInt(a) : a >= 'A' ? upperToInt(a) : numToInt(a); } char intToUpper(int a) { return (char)(a + 'A'); } char intToLower(int a) { return (char)(a + 'a'); } char intToNum(int a) { return (char)(a + '0'); } int[] charToInt(char[] a) { int array[] = new int[a.length]; for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i ++) array[i] = charToInt(a[i]); return array; } int numDigits(long a) { return Long.toString(a).length(); } long bitFlag(int a) { return 1L << (long)a; } boolean isFlagged(long x, int a) { return (x & bitFlag(a)) != 0; } long countString(String str, String a) { return (str.length() - str.replace(a, "").length()) / a.length(); } long countStringAll(String str, String a) { return str.length() - str.replaceAll(a, "").length(); } void fill(int[] array, int x) { Arrays.fill(array, x); } void fill(long[] array, long x) { Arrays.fill(array, x); } void fill(double[] array, double x) { Arrays.fill(array, x); } void fill(char[] array, char x) { Arrays.fill(array, x); } void fill(boolean[] array, boolean x) { Arrays.fill(array, x); } void fill(int[][] array, int x) { for(int[] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(long[][] array, long x) { for(long[] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(double[][] array, double x) { for(double[] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(char[][] array, char x) { for(char[] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(boolean[][] array, boolean x) { for(boolean[] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(int[][][] array, int x) { for(int[][] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(long[][][] array, long x) { for(long[][] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(double[][][] array, double x) { for(double[][] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(char[][][] array, char x) { for(char[][] a : array) fill(a, x); } void fill(boolean[][][] array, boolean x) { for(boolean[][] a : array) fill(a, x); } int[] resize(int[] array, int m, int x) { int resized[] = new int[m]; for(int i = max(0, - x); i < array.length && i + x < m; i ++) resized[i + x] = array[i]; return resized; } long[] resize(long[] array, int m, int x) { long resized[] = new long[m]; for(int i = max(0, - x); i < array.length && i + x < m; i ++) resized[i + x] = array[i]; return resized; } double[] resize(double[] array, int m, int x) { double resized[] = new double[m]; for(int i = max(0, - x); i < array.length && i + x < m; i ++) resized[i + x] = array[i]; return resized; } char[] resize(char[] array, int m, int x) { char resized[] = new char[m]; for(int i = max(0, - x); i < array.length && i + x < m; i ++) resized[i + x] = array[i]; return resized; } boolean[] resize(boolean[] array, int m, int x) { boolean resized[] = new boolean[m]; for(int i = max(0, - x); i < array.length && i + x < m; i ++) resized[i + x] = array[i]; return resized; } Object[] resize(Object[] array, int m, int x) { Object resized[] = new Object[m]; for(int i = max(0, - x); i < array.length && i + x < m; i ++) resized[i + x] = array[i]; return resized; } class PairLL implements Comparable { long a; long b; PairLL() { } PairLL(long a, long b) { this.a = a; this.b = b; } @Override public String toString() { return "("+a+", "+b+")"; } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(a, b); } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if(this == obj) return true; if(obj == null) return false; if(this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false; PairLL that = (PairLL) obj; if(this.a != that.a || this.b != that.b) return false; return true; } @Override public int compareTo(PairLL that) { int c = Long.compare(this.a, that.a); if(c == 0) c = Long.compare(this.b, that.b); return c; } } PairLL[] factor(long a) { List factorList = new ArrayList<>(); for(long i = 2; i * i <= a; i ++) { if(a % i == 0) { long cnt = 0; while(a % i == 0) { a /= i; cnt ++; } factorList.add(new PairLL(i, cnt)); } } if(a > 1) factorList.add(new PairLL(a, 1)); PairLL factor[] = new PairLL[factorList.size()]; for(int i = 0; i < factorList.size(); i ++) factor[i] = factorList.get(i); Arrays.sort(factor); return factor; } public void solve() { int num = ni() + 1; long a[] = nl(num); long b[] = nl(num); long ans[] = convolution(a, b, (long)1e9 + 7); long sum = 0; for(int i = 0; i < num; i ++) { sum = mod(sum + ans[i], (long)1e9 + 7); } prtln(sum); } final long MOD1 = 754974721; // 2^24 final long MOD2 = 167772161; // 2^25 final long MOD3 = 469762049; // 2^26 final long M2M3 = MOD2 * MOD3; final long M1M3 = MOD1 * MOD3; final long M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2; final long M1M2M3 = MOD1 * MOD2 * MOD3; final long M1INVM2 = 95869806; // inv(MOD1, MOD2); final long INV1 = 190329765; // inv(MOD2 * MOD3, MOD1); final long INV2 = 58587104; // inv(MOD1 * MOD3, MOD2); final long INV3 = 187290749; // inv(MOD1 * MOD2, MOD3); long[] convolution(long[] a, long[] b, long mod){ final long M1M2MOD = mod(MOD1 * MOD2, mod); int n = a.length; int m = b.length; if(n == 0 || m == 0) return new long[0]; long f1[] = new Convolution(MOD1).convolution(a, b); long f2[] = new Convolution(MOD2).convolution(a, b); long f3[] = new Convolution(MOD3).convolution(a, b); long f[] = new long[n + m - 1]; for(int i = 0; i < f.length; i ++) { long v1 = mod((f2[i] - f1[i]) * M1INVM2, MOD2); long v2 = mod(mod(f3[i] - f1[i] - MOD1 * v1, MOD3) * INV3, MOD3); f[i] = mod(f1[i] + MOD1 * v1 + M1M2MOD * v2, mod); } return f; } long[] convolution(long[] a, long[] b) { // O((N+M)log(N+M)) int n = a.length; int m = b.length; if(n == 0 || m == 0) return new long[0]; long f1[] = new Convolution(MOD1).convolution(a, b); long f2[] = new Convolution(MOD2).convolution(a, b); long f3[] = new Convolution(MOD3).convolution(a, b); long f[] = new long[n + m - 1]; for(int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i ++) { long x = 0; x += (f1[i] * INV1) % MOD1 * M2M3; x += (f2[i] * INV2) % MOD2 * M1M3; x += (f3[i] * INV3) % MOD3 * M1M2; long diff = f1[i] - mod(x, MOD1); if(diff < 0) diff += MOD1; long offset[] = {0, 0, M1M2M3, 2 * M1M2M3, 3 * M1M2M3}; x -= offset[(int)(diff % 5)]; f[i] = x; } return f; } class Convolution { // M=mod long mod; long g; long sumE[]; long sumIE[]; int size = 30; Convolution(long mod) { // O(logM) this.mod = mod; g = primitiveRoot(mod); sumE = new long[size]; sumIE = new long[size]; prepareSum(); } long primitiveRoot(long mod) { // O(1) or O(√M) if(mod == 2) return 1; if(mod == 167772161) return 3; if(mod == 469762049) return 3; if(mod == 754974721) return 11; if(mod == 998244353) return 3; PairLL factor[] = factor(mod - 1); outer: for(long g = 2; ; g ++) { for(PairLL p : factor) if(pow_m(g, (mod - 1) / p.a, mod) == 1) continue outer; return g; } } void prepareSum() { // O(logM) long[] es = new long[size]; long[] ies = new long[size]; int len = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(mod - 1); long e = pow_m(g, (mod - 1) >> len, mod); long ie = pow_m(e, mod - 2, mod); for(int i = len - 2; i >= 0; i --) { es[i] = e; ies[i] = ie; e = mod(e * e, mod); ie = mod(ie * ie, mod); } long tmpE = 1; long tmpIE = 1; for(int i = 0; i < len - 2; i++) { sumE[i] = mod(es[i] * tmpE, mod); tmpE = mod(tmpE * ies[i], mod); sumIE[i] = mod(ies[i] * tmpIE, mod); tmpIE = mod(tmpIE * es[i], mod); } } void butterfly(long[] a) { // O(NlogN) int n = a.length; int h = 0; while((1L << h) < n) h ++; for(int ph = 1; ph <= h; ph ++) { int w = 1 << (ph - 1); int p = 1 << (h - ph); long tmp = 1; for(int s = 0; s < w; s ++) { int offset = s << (h - ph + 1); for(int i = 0; i < p; i ++) { long l = a[i + offset]; long r = mod(a[i + offset + p] * tmp, mod); a[i + offset] = mod(l + r, mod); a[i + offset + p] = mod(l - r, mod); } int x = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(~s); tmp = mod(tmp * sumE[x], mod); } } } void butterflyInv(long[] a) { // O(NlogN) int n = a.length; int h = 0; while((1L << h) < n) h ++; for(int ph = h; ph >= 1; ph --) { int w = 1 << (ph - 1); int p = 1 << (h - ph); long tmp = 1; for(int s = 0; s < w; s ++) { int offset = s << (h - ph + 1); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { long l = a[i + offset]; long r = a[i + offset + p]; a[i + offset] = mod(l + r, mod); a[i + offset + p] = mod((l - r) * tmp, mod); } int x = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(~s); tmp = mod(tmp * sumIE[x], mod); } } } long[] convolution(long[] a, long[] b) { // O((N+M)log(N+M)) int n = a.length; int m = b.length; if (n == 0 || m == 0) return new long[0]; int len = 1; while(len < n + m - 1) len <<= 1; long g[] = resize(a, len, 0); long h[] = resize(b, len, 0); butterfly(g); butterfly(h); long f[] = new long[len]; for(int i = 0; i < len; i ++) f[i] = mod(g[i] * h[i], mod); butterflyInv(f); f = resize(f, n + m - 1, 0); long invLen = inv(len, mod); for(int i = 0; i < f.length; i ++) f[i] = mod(f[i] * invLen, mod); return f; } } long mod(long x, long mod) { x %= mod; return x + (x < 0 ? mod : 0); } // O(1) long pow_m(long x, long y, long mod) { // (logY) x = mod(x, mod); long ans = 1; for(; y > 0; y /= 2) { if(y % 2 != 0) ans = mod(ans * x, mod); x = mod(x * x, mod); } return ans; } long inv(long x, long mod) { return pow_m(x, mod - 2, mod); } // O(logM) long garner(PairLL[] p, long mod){ PairLL p2[] = new PairLL[p.length + 1]; for(int i = 0; i < p.length; i ++) p2[i] = p[i]; p = p2; p[p.length - 1] = new PairLL(mod, 0); long coffs[] = new long[p.length]; fill(coffs, 1); long constants[] = new long[p.length]; fill(constants, 0); for(int i = 0; i < p.length - 1; i ++) { long v = (p[i].b - constants[i]) * inv(coffs[i], p[i].a) % p[i].a; if(v < 0) v += p[i].a; for(int j = i + 1; j < p.length; j++) { constants[j] += coffs[j] * v; constants[j] %= p[j].a; coffs[j] *= p[i].a; coffs[j] %= p[j].a; } } return constants[p.length - 1]; } } }