const DIVISOR: u64 = 998_244_353;
fn power(base: u64, p: u64) -> u64 {
    if p == 0 { return 1; }
    if p == 1 { return base; }
    let temp = power(base, p/2);
    temp * temp % DIVISOR * power(base, p%2) % DIVISOR
}

fn main() {
    let mut t = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut t).ok();
    let t: u8 = t.trim().parse().unwrap();
    for _ in 0..t {
        let mut nk = String::new();
        std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut nk).ok();
        let nk: Vec<u64> = nk.trim().split_whitespace().map(|s| s.parse().unwrap()).collect();
        let n = nk[0];
        let k = nk[1];
        println!("{}", n * (power(2, k) - 1) % DIVISOR * power(2, (n - 1) * k) % DIVISOR);
    }
}