#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;
typedef unsigned long long int ull;

constexpr ll mod=998244353;

ll mod_pow(ll a,ll b){
	a%=mod;
	if(b==0)return 1;
	if(b==1)return a;
	ll res=mod_pow(a,b/2)%mod;
	res*=res; res%=mod;
	if(b%2)res*=a;
	return res%mod;
}

int main(){
	cin.tie(nullptr);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	int q; cin >> q;
	while(q--){
		ll n,k; cin >> n >> k;
		cout << n*mod_pow(2,n*k-k)%mod*(mod_pow(2,k)-1+mod)%mod << "\n";
	}
}