import sys,os,io
input = sys.stdin.readline
#input = io.BytesIO(os.read(0,os.fstat(0).st_size)).readline
T = int(input())
ans = [0]*T
for t in range(T):
  d, A, B = map(int, input().split())
  a = A
  fa = 0
  while a>=d:
    while a>0:
      fa += a%d
      a //= d
    a = fa
    fa = 0
  n = B-A+1
  if n<d-a:
    ans[t] = (a+(a+B-A))*(B-A+1)//2
    continue
  ans[t] += (a+(d-1))*(d-a)//2
  cyc, mod = divmod(B-A+1-(d-a),d-1)
  ans[t] += d*(d-1)//2*cyc+mod*(mod+1)//2
print(*ans, sep='\n')