#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define FOR(i,m,n) for(int i=(m);i<(n);++i)
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n)
#define ALL(v) (v).begin(),(v).end()
using ll = long long;
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll LINF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr double EPS = 1e-8;
constexpr int MOD = 1000000007;
// constexpr int MOD = 998244353;
constexpr int dy[] = {1, 0, -1, 0}, dx[] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
constexpr int dy8[] = {1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1}, dx8[] = {0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1};
template <typename T, typename U> inline bool chmax(T &a, U b) { return a < b ? (a = b, true) : false; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline bool chmin(T &a, U b) { return a > b ? (a = b, true) : false; }
struct IOSetup {
  IOSetup() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(20);
  }
} iosetup;

ll f(int n) {
  return 1LL * n * (n + 1) / 2;
}

int root(int a, int d) {
  if (a < d) return a;
  int ans = 0;
  while (a > 0) {
    ans += a % d;
    a /= d;
  }
  return root(ans, d);
}

void solve() {
  int d, a, b; cin >> d >> a >> b;
  ll ans = 0;
  int l = root(a, d), want = min(d - 1 - l + 1, b - a + 1);
  ans += f(l + want - 1) - f(l - 1);
  a += want;
  // cout << a << ' ' << b << '\n';
  if (a <= b) {
    int r = root(b, d);
    want = min(r, b - a + 1);
    ans += f(r) - f(r - want);
    b -= want;
  }
  ans += f(d - 1) * (b - a + 1) / (d - 1);
  cout << ans << '\n';
}

int main() {
  int t; cin >> t;
  while (t--) solve();
  return 0;
}