#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cmath>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<utility>

using namespace std;

#define int long long
#define endl "\n"

constexpr long long INF = (long long)1e18;
constexpr long long MOD = 1'000'000'007; 

// struct fast_io {
	// fast_io(){
		// std::cin.tie(nullptr);
		// std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	// };
// } fio;

int solve(int d, int num){
    
    while(num >= d){
        int t = num;
        int s = 0;
        while(t){
            s += t%d;
            t /= d;
        }
        num = s;
    }
    
    return num;
}

int cal(int d, int num){
    int res = 0;
    
    if(num <= 0) return 0;
    
    
    res += num;
    
    num--;
    
    res += num / (d - 1) * (d - 1) * (d - 2) / 2;
    int x = num % (d - 1);
    res += x * (x + 1) / 2;
    
    return res;
}

signed main(){
	cout<<fixed<<setprecision(10);
	
	int T;
    
    cin>>T;
	
    for(int _ = 0; _ < T; _++){
        int d, A, B;
        int sum = 0;
        
        cin>>d>>A>>B;
        
        if(!A && !B) {
            cout<<0<<endl;
            continue;
        }
        
        if(!A)A++;
        
        // for(int i = A; i <= B; i++){
            // int s = solve(d, i);
            // int s = (i - 1) % (d - 1) + 1;
            // sum += s;
            // cout<<"i = "<<i<<" s = "<<s<<" "<<cal(d, i)<<endl;
        // }
        
        // cout<<sum<<endl;
        cout<<cal(d, B) - cal(d, A-1)<<endl;
    }
    
	return 0;
}