t = int(input())


def digit_sum(x, d):
    while x >= d:
        tmp = 0
        while x > 0:
            tmp += x % d
            x //= d
        x = tmp
    return x


for _ in range(t):
    d, a, b = map(int, input().split())
    left = digit_sum(a, d)
    right = digit_sum(b, d)

    one_cycle = (d - 1) * d // 2
    cycle_len = d - 1
    n = b - a + 1

    ds = digit_sum(a, d)
    ans = n // cycle_len * one_cycle
    head = (one_cycle - (left - 1) * left // 2) % one_cycle
    tail = right * (right + 1) // 2 % one_cycle
    print(ans + head + tail)