/*** author: yuji9511 ***/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
// #include <atcoder/all>
// using namespace atcoder;
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using lpair = pair<ll, ll>;
const ll MOD = 1e9+7;
const ll INF = 1e18;
#define rep(i,m,n) for(ll i=(m);i<(n);i++)
#define rrep(i,m,n) for(ll i=(m);i>=(n);i--)
#define printa(x,n) for(ll i=0;i<n;i++){cout<<(x[i])<<" \n"[i==n-1];};
void print() {}
template <class H,class... T>
void print(H&& h, T&&... t){cout<<h<<" \n"[sizeof...(t)==0];print(forward<T>(t)...);}
#define debug(x) cout << #x << " = " << (x) << " (L" << __LINE__ << ")" << "\n"

void solve(){
    ll d,A,B;
    cin >> d >> A >> B;
    ll n = B - A + 1;
    if(A == 0){
        if(B == 0){
            print(0);
            exit(1);
        }else{
            A++;
            n--;
        }
    }
    ll sum = A;
    while(true){
        ll tmp = sum;
        ll r = 0;
        while(tmp > 0){
            r += tmp % d;
            tmp /= d;
        }
        sum = r;
        if(sum < d) break;
    }
    ll v1 = d * (d-1) / 2;
    ll ans = v1 * (n / (d-1));
    ll amari = n % (d-1);
    if(amari <= (d - sum)){
        ans += amari * (amari-1) / 2 + amari * sum;
    }else{
        ll num = d - sum;
        ans += num * (num-1) / 2 + num * sum;
        amari -= num;
        ans += amari * (amari+1) / 2;
    }
    // rep(i,0,(n % (d-1))){
    //     ans += (sum-1 + i) % (d-1) + 1;
    // }
    print(ans);


}

int main(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    ll T;
    cin >> T;
    while(T--) solve();
}