#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
using LL = long long;
using ULL = unsigned long long;
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++)

const ULL M = 998244353;

ULL powm(ULL a, ULL i){
	if (i == 0) return 1;
	ULL res = powm(a * a % M, i / 2);
	if (i % 2 == 1) res = res * a % M;
	return res;
}

void loop(){
	ULL N, K; cin >> N >> K;
	ULL ans = (powm(2, K) + M - 1) % M;
	ans = ans * N % M;
	ans = ans * powm(2, K * (N - 1)) % M;
	cout << ans << endl;
}

int main(){
	int T; cin >> T;
	while (T--) loop();

	return 0;
}