T = int(input())
for case in range(T):
  d,A,B = map(int,input().split())
  oriA = A+0
  a = 0
  while A > 0:
    a += A%d
    A = A//d
    if A == 0 and a >= d:
      A = a
      a = 0
  #print(a)
  num = B-oriA+1
  loop_num = num//(d-1)
  amari = num%(d-1)
  loop_wa = (1+d-1)*(d-1)//2
  if a + amari-1 >= d: #先頭に戻る
    amari_wa = loop_wa - ((a-1) + (a-(d-1-amari)))*(d-1-amari)//2
  else:
    amari_wa = (a + a + amari-1)*amari//2
  ans = loop_num*loop_wa + amari_wa
  #print(loop_num,amari,loop_wa,amari_wa)
  print(ans)