#include "bits/stdc++.h" using namespace std; using ll=long long; using vll=vector< ll>; using vvll=vector< vll>; using vvvll=vector< vvll>; using vvvvll=vector; using dd=double; using vdd=vector< dd>; using vvdd=vector< vdd>; using pll=pair; using tll=tuple; using qll=tuple; using vpll=vector< pll>; constexpr ll INF = 1LL << 60; struct Fast{ Fast(){ cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout<::max_digits10); } } fast; #define REPS(i, S, E) for (ll i = (S); i <= (E); i++) #define REP(i, N) REPS(i, 0, (N)-1) #define DEPS(i, S, E) for (ll i = (E); i >= (S); i--) #define DEP(i, N) DEPS(i, 0, (N)-1) #define rep(i, S, E) for (ll i = (S); i <= (E); i++) #define dep(i, E, S) for (ll i = (E); i >= (S); i--) #define each(e, v) for (auto&& e : v) #define ALL(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define RALL(v) (v).rbegin(), (v).rend() template inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; }return false; } template inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; }return false; } template inline T MaxE(vector&v,ll S,ll E){ T m=v[S]; rep(i,S,E)chmax(m,v[i]); return m; } template inline T MinE(vector&v,ll S,ll E){ T m=v[S]; rep(i,S,E)chmin(m,v[i]); return m; } template inline T MaxE(vector &v) { return MaxE(v,0,(ll)v.size()-1); } template inline T MinE(vector &v) { return MinE(v,0,(ll)v.size()-1); } template inline T Sum(vector &v,ll S,ll E){ T s=T(); rep(i,S,E)s+=v[i]; return s; } template inline T Sum(vector &v) { return Sum(v,0,v.size()-1); } template inline ll sz(T &v){ return (ll)v.size(); } inline ll CEIL(ll a,ll b){ return (a<0) ? -(-a/b) : (a+b-1)/b; } inline ll FLOOR(ll a,ll b){ return -CEIL(-a,b); } template struct mll_{ ll val; mll_(ll v = 0): val(v % MOD){ if (val < 0) val += MOD; } mll_ operator - () const { return -val; } mll_ operator + (const mll_ &b) const { return val + b.val; } mll_ operator - (const mll_ &b) const { return val - b.val; } mll_ operator * (const mll_ &b) const { return val * b.val; } mll_ operator / (const mll_ &b) const { return mll_(*this) /= b; } mll_ operator + (ll b) const { return *this + mll_(b); } mll_ operator - (ll b) const { return *this - mll_(b); } mll_ operator * (ll b) const { return *this * mll_(b); } friend mll_ operator + (ll a,const mll_ &b) { return b + a; } friend mll_ operator - (ll a,const mll_ &b) { return -b + a; } friend mll_ operator * (ll a,const mll_ &b) { return b * a; } friend mll_ operator / (ll a,const mll_ &b) { return mll_(a)/b; } mll_ &operator += (const mll_ &b) { val=(val+b.val)%MOD; return *this; } mll_ &operator -= (const mll_ &b) { val=(val+MOD-b.val)%MOD; return *this; } mll_ &operator *= (const mll_ &b) { val=(val*b.val)%MOD; return *this; } mll_ &operator /= (const mll_ &b) { ll c=b.val,d=MOD,u=1,v=0; while (d){ ll t = c / d; c -= t * d; swap(c,d); u -= t * v; swap(u,v); } val = val * u % MOD; if (val < 0) val += MOD; return *this; } mll_ &operator += (ll b) { return *this += mll_(b); } mll_ &operator -= (ll b) { return *this -= mll_(b); } mll_ &operator *= (ll b) { return *this *= mll_(b); } mll_ &operator /= (ll b) { return *this /= mll_(b); } bool operator == (const mll_ &b) const { return val == b.val; } bool operator != (const mll_ &b) const { return val != b.val; } bool operator == (ll b) const { return *this == mll_(b); } bool operator != (ll b) const { return *this != mll_(b); } friend bool operator == (ll a,const mll_ &b) { return mll_(a) == b.val; } friend bool operator != (ll a,const mll_ &b) { return mll_(a) != b.val; } friend ostream &operator << (ostream &os,const mll_ &a) { return os << a.val; } friend istream &operator >> (istream &is,mll_ &a) { return is >> a.val; } static mll_ Combination(ll a,ll b){ chmin(b,a-b); if (b<0) return mll_(0); mll_ c = 1; rep(i,0,b-1) c *= a-i; rep(i,0,b-1) c /= i+1; return c; } }; using mll = mll_<998244353LL>; using vmll = std::vector; using vvmll = std::vector; using vvvmll = std::vector; using vvvvmll = std::vector; template struct MatG{ ll h=0, w=0; //h行w列 vector> mat; MatG(){} MatG(ll h_, ll w_, T x) { init(h_, w_, x); } MatG(ll h_, ll w_) { init(h_, w_); } MatG(ll h_, ll w_, string c) { init(h_, w_, c); } void init(ll h_, ll w_, T x){ h=h_; w=w_; mat.assign(h, vector(w,x)); } void init(ll h_, ll w_){ init(h_,w_,T()); } void init(ll h_, ll w_, string c){ init(h_, w_); if(c=="E")E(); } ll H() const { return h; } ll W() const { return w; } bool invalid() const { mat.empty(); } vector &operator[](ll i) { return mat[i]; } const vector &operator[](ll i) const { return mat[i]; } MatG &operator+=(const MatG &B) {REP(i,h)REP(j,w) mat[i][j]+=B[i][j];return *this;} MatG operator+(const MatG &B) const {return MatG(*this) += B;} MatG operator*(const MatG &B) const { MatG ret(h, B.W()); REP(i, h) REP(j, B.W()) REP(k, w) ret[i][j] += mat[i][k] * B[k][j]; return move(ret); } vector operator*(const vector &v) const { vector ret(v.size()); REP(i, this->h) REP(j, this->w) ret[i] += this->mat[i][j] * v[j]; return move(ret); } MatG Pow(ll N) const { MatG ret(*this), a(*this); for (ll n=N-1; n>0; n>>=1, a=a*a){ if (n&1) ret=ret*a; } return move(ret); } MatG t() const { MatG ret(this->w, this->h); REP(i, this->w) REP(j, this->h) ret[i][j] = this->mat[j][i]; return move(ret); } void E(){ rep(i, 0, min(h,w)-1) mat[i][i]=1; } #if defined(_DEBUG) void dump() { ::dump(mat); } #endif MatG(MatG &&B){ *this=move(B); } //以下、ムーブ対応 MatG(MatG const &B){ *this=B; } MatG &operator=(MatG &&B){ h=B.h; w=B.w; mat.swap(B.mat); return *this; } MatG &operator=(MatG const &B){ h=B.h; w=B.w; mat=B.mat; return *this; } }; using Mat = MatG; #if 0 #include using namespace atcoder; #endif vvll cinGraph(ll nodeNum,ll edgeNum,bool isDirected){//無向false、有向true vvll to(nodeNum); rep(i,0,edgeNum-1){ ll v,u; cin >> v >> u; v--; u--; to[v].push_back(u); if (!isDirected) to[u].push_back(v); } return move(to); } struct ConnectedComponents{ vvll &to; ll n; vll ccids; ConnectedComponents(vvll &to):to(to),n((ll)to.size()),ccids(n,-1){} void dfs(ll v){ each(u,to[v]){ if (ccids[u]!=-1)continue; ccids[u]=ccids[v]; dfs(u); } } pair get(){ ll nm=0; rep(v,0,n-1){ if (ccids[v]!=-1)continue; ccids[v]=nm++; dfs(v); } return {nm,move(ccids)}; } }; pair GaussJordan(Mat &mat, bool isExtended, bool isTriangle){ ll H=mat.H(), W=mat.W(); mll det=1; ll rank=0; rep(j,0,W-1-isExtended){ ll pivot=-1; rep(i,rank,H-1){ if (mat[i][j]!=0){ pivot=i; break; } } if (pivot==-1){ det=0; continue; } if (rank MatInverse(Mat &A){//正方行列限定 ll N=A.H(); Mat B(N,2*N); rep(i,0,N-1)rep(j,0,N-1) B[i][j]=A[i][j]; rep(i,0,N-1) B[i][N+i]=1; mll det; tie(ignore,det)=GaussJordan(B,false,false); if (det==0) return {Mat(),det}; Mat ret(N,N); rep(i,0,N-1)rep(j,0,N-1) ret[i][j]=B[i][N+j]; return {move(ret),det}; } mll countST(ll N,vvll &to,ll id,vll &cids){ unordered_map mp; vll tr; ll idx=0; rep(v,0,N-1){ if (cids[v]!=id) continue; mp[v]=idx++; tr.push_back(v); } ll mm=(ll)tr.size(); if (mm==1)return mll(1); Mat L(mm-1,mm-1);//ラプラシアン行列の端を削ったもの rep(i,0,mm-2){ ll v=tr[i]; each(u,to[v]){ ll idx=mp[u]; if (idx==mm-1)continue; L[i][idx]=-1; } L[i][i]=(ll)to[v].size(); } return GaussJordan(L,false,true).second; } mll calc(ll N,vvll &to){ Mat L(N,N); rep(v,0,N-1){ each(u,to[v]) L[v][u]=-1; L[v][v]=(ll)to[v].size(); } mll ans=0; rep(v,1,N-1){ Mat B=L; B.mat.erase(B.mat.begin()+v); each(e,B.mat) e.erase(e.begin()+v); B.h--; B.w--; Mat C; mll det; tie(C,det)=MatInverse(B); if (v==1) ans+=det; //任意道路不使用分のカウント rep(u,0,v-1){ if (L[u][v]!=0) continue; ans+=C[u][u]*det; } } return ans; } pll solve(ll N,ll M,vvll &to) { ll cnm; vll cids; tie(cnm,cids)=ConnectedComponents(to).get(); if (cnm==1){ mll ans = calc(N,to); return {0,ans.val}; } vll csz(cnm); each(e,cids) csz[e]++; sort(ALL(csz)); ll fuben=0; { ll tmp=csz[cnm-1]+csz[cnm-2]; fuben+=(N-tmp)*tmp; dep(i,cnm-3,0) fuben+=(N-csz[i])*csz[i]; } ll x=-1,y=-1; ll p=0,q=0; while (!csz.empty()){ ll s=csz.back(); csz.pop_back(); if (x==-1) x=s; if (x==s){ p++; continue; } if (y==-1) y=s; if (y==s){ q++; continue; } break; } mll ans=1; rep(id,0,cnm-1) ans*=countST(N,to,id,cids); if (p>=2){ ans*=x*x*p*(p-1)/2; } else{ ans*=x*y*q; } return {fuben,ans.val}; } pll solv2(ll N,ll M,vvll &to){//愚直解 vvll w(N,vll(N)); rep(v,0,N-1)each(u,to[v]) w[u][v]=1; vpll idxes; map mp; rep(v,0,N-1)rep(u,v+1,N-1){ mp[{v,u}]=(ll)idxes.size(); idxes.emplace_back(v,u); } ll mm=(ll)idxes.size(); pll fubenRdMin{INF,INF}; ll cnt=0; rep(s,0,(1LL<(s).count()}; if (chmin(fubenRdMin,fubenRd)) cnt=1; else if (fubenRdMin==fubenRd) cnt++; } return {fubenRdMin.first, cnt}; } void solvecomp(ll N,ll M,vvll &to){ pll ret=solve(N,M,to); #if 1 cout << ret.first << '\n'; cout << ret.second << '\n'; #else pll re2=solv2(N,M,to); if (ret!=re2){ cout << "\n======= diff ========\n"; cout << ret.first << ' ' << ret.second << '\n'; cout << re2.first << ' ' << re2.second << '\n'; } #endif } void cin2solve(){ ll N,M; cin >> N >> M; vvll to = cinGraph(N,M,false); solvecomp(N,M,to); } void gene(){ ll N=7; vpll idxes; map mp; rep(v,0,N-1)rep(u,v+1,N-1){ mp[{v,u}]=(ll)idxes.size(); idxes.emplace_back(v,u); } ll mm=(ll)idxes.size(); rep(s,0,(1LL<(s).count(); printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b%10lld",s); solvecomp(N,M,to); } } int main(){ #if 1 //solve(); cin2solve(); //gene(); #else ll t; cin >> t; rep(i, 0, t-1){ solve(); } #endif return 0; }