using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.IO; using System.Text; using System.Numerics; using System.Threading; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using System.Diagnostics; using static System.Math; using static System.Array; using static AtCoder.Cout; using static AtCoder.Tool; using static AtCoder.ModInt; namespace AtCoder { class AC { //const int MOD = 1000000007; const int MOD = 998244353; const int INF = int.MaxValue / 2; const long SINF = long.MaxValue / 3; static readonly int[] dI = { 0, 1, 0, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1 }; static readonly int[] dJ = { 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1 }; static void Main(string[] args) { //var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false }; Console.SetOut(sw); /*var th = new Thread(Run, 1 << 26); th.Start(); th.Join();*/ Run(); Console.Out.Flush(); } static void Run() { int Testcase = 1; //Testcase = Cin.Int; for (var _ = 0; _ < Testcase; _++) Solve(); } static void Solve() { Cin.Scanf(out int N, out int K); int M = Cin.Int; var R = new int[K + 1];//終点が i の区間のうち L の最大値(存在しないなら-1) Fill(R, -1); for(var i = 0; i < M; i++) { Cin.Scanf(out int ll, out int rr); R[rr] = Max(R[rr], ll); } for(var i = K; i >= 1; i--) { var ok = true; for(var j = i - 1; j >= 1; j--) { ok &= R[j] < R[i]; } if (!ok) R[i] = -1; } var dpj = new long[K + 1][][]; var dpjk = new long[K + 1][][]; for(var i = 0; i <= K; i++) { dpj[i] = new long[K + 1][]; dpjk[i] = new long[K + 1][]; for(var j = 0; j <= K; j++) { dpj[i][j] = new long[2]; dpjk[i][j] = new long[2]; } } dpj[0][0][0] = 1; dpjk[0][0][0] = 1; for(var j = 1; j <= K; j++) { for(var k = 0; k <= K; k++) { long[] nx = { 0, 0 }; if (R[j] != -1 && k > 0) { int L = R[j]; for(var l = 0; l < 2; l++) { nx[l] += dpjk[j - 1][k - 1][l ^ 1]; if (k - (j - L) - 1 >= 0) nx[l] -= dpjk[L - 1][k - (j - L) - 1][l ^ 1]; if (k - (j - L) - 1 >= 0) nx[l] += dpj[L - 1][k - (j - L) - 1][l ^ 1]; nx[l] %= MOD; if (nx[l] < 0) nx[l] += MOD; } } for(var l = 0; l < 2; l++) { dpj[j][k][l] = (dpj[j - 1][k][l] + nx[l]) % MOD; dpjk[j][k][l] = (nx[l]); if (j > 0 && k > 0) dpjk[j][k][l] += dpjk[j - 1][k - 1][l]; dpjk[j][k][l] %= MOD; } } } ModInt ans = 0; for(var k = 0; k <= K; k++) { ans += (dpj[K][k][0] - dpj[K][k][1]) * Modpow(K - k, N); } OutL(ans); } } struct ModInt { public long value; //const int MOD = 1000000007; const int MOD = 998244353; public ModInt(long value) { this.value = value; } public override string ToString() => value.ToString(); public static implicit operator ModInt(long a) { var ret = a % MOD; return new ModInt(ret < 0 ? (ret + MOD) : ret); } public static ModInt operator +(ModInt a, ModInt b) => (a.value + b.value); public static ModInt operator -(ModInt a, ModInt b) => (a.value - b.value); public static ModInt operator *(ModInt a, ModInt b) => (a.value * b.value); public static ModInt operator /(ModInt a, ModInt b) => a * Modpow(b, MOD - 2); public static ModInt operator <<(ModInt a, int n) => (a.value << n); public static ModInt operator >>(ModInt a, int n) => (a.value >> n); public static ModInt operator ++(ModInt a) => a.value + 1; public static ModInt operator --(ModInt a) => a.value - 1; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static ModInt Modpow(ModInt a, long n) { if (n == 0) return 1; if (n < 0) return Modpow(Modpow(a, -n), MOD - 2); var k = a; ModInt ret = 1; while (n > 0) { if ((n & 1) != 0) ret *= k; k *= k; n >>= 1; } return ret; } private static readonly List Factorials = new List() { 1 }; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static ModInt Fac(int n) { if (n < 0) return 0; for (var i = Factorials.Count(); i <= n; i++) { Factorials.Add((Factorials[i - 1] * i) % MOD); } return Factorials[n]; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static ModInt nCr(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || r < 0) return 0; return n < r ? 0 : Fac(n) / (Fac(r) * Fac(n - r)); } public static explicit operator int(ModInt a) => (int)a.value; } static class Cin { public static string[] ReadSplit => Console.ReadLine().Split(); public static int[] ReadSplitInt => ConvertAll(ReadSplit, int.Parse); public static long[] ReadSplitLong => ConvertAll(ReadSplit, long.Parse); public static double[] ReadSplit_Double => ConvertAll(ReadSplit, double.Parse); public static string Str => Console.ReadLine(); public static int Int => int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); public static long Long => long.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); public static double Double => double.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); public static T Conv(string input) { if (typeof(T).Equals(typeof(ModInt))) { return (T)(dynamic)(long.Parse(input)); } return (T)Convert.ChangeType(input, typeof(T)); } public static void Scanf(out T a) => a = Conv(Console.ReadLine()); public static void Scanf(out T a, out U b) { var q = ReadSplit; a = Conv(q[0]); b = Conv(q[1]); } public static void Scanf(out T a, out U b, out V c) { var q = ReadSplit; a = Conv(q[0]); b = Conv(q[1]); c = Conv(q[2]); } public static void Scanf(out T a, out U b, out V c, out W d) { var q = ReadSplit; a = Conv(q[0]); b = Conv(q[1]); c = Conv(q[2]); d = Conv(q[3]); } public static void Scanf(out T a, out U b, out V c, out W d, out X e) { var q = ReadSplit; a = Conv(q[0]); b = Conv(q[1]); c = Conv(q[2]); d = Conv(q[3]); e = Conv(q[4]); } } static class Cout { public static void OutL(object s) => Console.WriteLine(s); public static void Out_Sep(IEnumerable s) => Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", s)); public static void Out_Sep(IEnumerable s, string sep) => Console.WriteLine(string.Join($"{sep}", s)); public static void Out_Sep(params object[] s) => Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", s)); public static void Out_One(object s) => Console.Write($"{s} "); public static void Out_One(object s, string sep) => Console.Write($"{s}{sep}"); public static void Endl() => Console.WriteLine(); } public static class Tool { static public void Initialize(ref T[] array, T initialvalue) { array = ConvertAll(array, x => initialvalue); } static public void Swap(ref T a, ref T b) { T keep = a; a = b; b = keep; } static public void Display(T[,] array2d, int n, int m) { for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (var j = 0; j < m; j++) { Console.Write($"{array2d[i, j]} "); } Console.WriteLine(); } } static public long Gcd(long a, long b) { if (a == 0 || b == 0) return Max(a, b); return a % b == 0 ? b : Gcd(b, a % b); } static public bool Bit(long x, int dig) => ((1L << dig) & x) != 0; static public int Sig(long a) => a == 0 ? 0 : (int)(a / Abs(a)); } }