#include using i64 = long long; using u64 = unsigned long long; #define REP(i, n) for (int i = 0, REP_N_ = (n); i < REP_N_; ++i) #define ALL(x) std::begin(x), std::end(x) template inline int ssize(const T &a) { return (int)std::size(a); } template inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) { return a < b and ((a = std::move(b)), true); } template inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) { return a > b and ((a = std::move(b)), true); } template using V = std::vector; template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::vector &a) { for (auto &x : a) is >> x; return is; } template std::ostream &pprint(const Container &a, std::string_view sep = " ", std::string_view ends = "\n", std::ostream *os = nullptr) { if (os == nullptr) os = &std::cout; auto b = std::begin(a), e = std::end(a); for (auto it = std::begin(a); it != e; ++it) { if (it != b) *os << sep; *os << *it; } return *os << ends; } template struct is_iterable : std::false_type {}; template struct is_iterable())), decltype(std::end(std::declval()))>> : std::true_type {}; template ::value && !std::is_same::value && !std::is_same::value>> std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const T &a) { return pprint(a, ", ", "", &(os << "{")) << "}"; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair &a) { return os << "(" << a.first << ", " << a.second << ")"; } #ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG template void pdebug(const T &value) { std::cerr << value; } template void pdebug(const T &value, const Ts &... args) { pdebug(value); std::cerr << ", "; pdebug(args...); } #define DEBUG(...) \ do { \ std::cerr << " \033[33m (L" << __LINE__ << ") "; \ std::cerr << #__VA_ARGS__ << ":\033[0m "; \ pdebug(__VA_ARGS__); \ std::cerr << std::endl; \ } while (0) #else #define pdebug(...) #define DEBUG(...) #endif using namespace std; struct Graph { int n; V> adj; map, int> edge_id; explicit Graph(int n) : n(n), adj(n) {} void input_undirected(int m) { input(m, false); } void input_directed(int m) { input(m, true); } private: void input(int m, bool is_directed) { for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { int u, v; // read as 1-indexed. cin >> u >> v; u--, v--; // to 0-indexed. adj[u].push_back(v); if (not is_directed) adj[v].push_back(u); edge_id[{u, v}] = edge_id[{v, u}] = i; } } }; struct LowLink { using G = vector>; const int INF = numeric_limits::max(); int n; G adj; vector ord, low; vector aps; // articulation points vector> bridges; explicit LowLink(G g) : n(g.size()), adj(move(g)), ord(n, -1), low(n, INF) { init(); } private: void init() { int ord_counter = 0; auto dfs = [&](auto self, int v, int par) -> void { ord[v] = ord_counter++; low[v] = ord[v]; bool is_articulation_point = false; for (auto u : adj[v]) { if (ord[u] < 0) { self(self, u, v); low[v] = min(low[v], low[u]); if (par >= 0 and ord[v] <= low[u]) { is_articulation_point = true; } if (ord[v] < low[u]) { bridges.emplace_back(min(u, v), max(u, v)); } } else if (u != par) { // backward edge low[v] = min(low[v], ord[u]); } } // Is the root node an articulatin point? if (par < 0 and adj[v].size() >= 2) { is_articulation_point = true; } if (is_articulation_point) aps.push_back(v); }; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (ord[i] == -1) dfs(dfs, i, -1); } // sort(aps.begin(), aps.end()); // sort(bridges.begin(), bridges.end()); } }; int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); int N; cin >> N; Graph g(N); g.input_undirected(N); LowLink lowlink(move(g.adj)); set non_bridges; REP(i, N) { non_bridges.insert(i); } for (auto [u, v] : lowlink.bridges) { int e = g.edge_id[{u, v}]; non_bridges.erase(e); } cout << ssize(non_bridges) << '\n'; bool first = true; for (auto x : non_bridges) { if (not first) cout << ' '; cout << x + 1; first = false; } cout << endl; }