#include <iostream> #include <algorithm> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <cmath> #include <map> #include <queue> #include <iomanip> #include <set> #include <tuple> #define mkp make_pair #define mkt make_tuple #define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) #define all(v) v.begin(),v.end() using namespace std; typedef long long ll; const ll MOD=998244353; template<class T> void chmin(T &a,const T &b){if(a>b) a=b;} template<class T> void chmax(T &a,const T &b){if(a<b) a=b;} #include <functional> #include <climits> //SegmentTree<int> seg(N,[](int a,int b){return min(a,b);},INT_MAX); template< typename T> class SegmentTree{ private: void resize(int size){ n=1; while(n<size) n*=2; tree.resize(2*n-1,def); } public: using F = function<T(T,T)>; int n; vector<T> tree; F operation; T def; SegmentTree(){} SegmentTree(int size,F _operation,T _def):operation(_operation),def(_def){ resize(size); } void embody(int size,F _operation,T _def){ operation=_operation; def=_def; resize(size); } void initialize(const vector<T> &v){ int size=v.size(); resize(size); for(int i=0;i<size;i++) tree[i+n-1]=v[i]; for(int i=n-2;i>=0;i--) tree[i]=operation(tree[2*i+1],tree[2*i+2]); } void update(int index,T value){ index+=n-1; tree[index]=value; while(index>0){ index=(index-1)/2; tree[index]=operation(tree[2*index+1],tree[2*index+2]); } } T query(int a,int b,int k=0,int l=0,int r=-1){//[a,b) if(r<0) r=n; if(r<=a||b<=l) return def; else if(a<=l&&r<=b) return tree[k]; else{ T lval=query(a,b,2*k+1,l,(l+r)/2); T rval=query(a,b,2*k+2,(l+r)/2,r); return operation(lval,rval); } } T get(int index){ return tree[index+n-1]; } int find(int x,int k=0,int l=0,int r=-1){// a[0]+...+a[i]>=x (i:minimal) if(r<0) r=n; if(tree[k]<x) return -1; if(r-l==1) return k-(n-1); if(tree[2*k+1]>=x) return find(x,2*k+1,l,(l+r)/2); else return find(x-tree[2*k+1],2*k+2,(l+r)/2,r); } //right -> change vl to vr (notice doesn't contain b. range [a,b)) int find_left(int a,int b,T x,int k=0,int l=0,int r=-1){// max(a[a],...,a[i])>=x (i:minimal) if(r<0) r=n; if(tree[k]<x||r<=a||b<=l) return -1; if(r-l==1) return k-(n-1); int vl=find_left(a,b,x,2*k+1,l,(l+r)/2); if(vl>=0) return vl; return find_left(a,b,x,2*k+2,(l+r)/2,r); } }; ll mod_pow(ll x,ll n){ x%=MOD; ll res=1; while(n>0){ if(n&1) res=res*x%MOD; x=x*x%MOD; n>>=1; } return res; } ll mod_inverse(ll x){ return mod_pow(x,MOD-2); } void add(ll &a,ll b){ a=(a+b)%MOD; } void mul(ll &a,ll b){ a%=MOD;b%=MOD; a=a*b%MOD; } int main(){ cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int N; cin>>N; vector<ll> A(N); rep(i,N) cin>>A[i]; vector<ll> leftNum(N,0),rightNum(N,0); vector<ll> leftSum(N,0),rightSum(N,0); { SegmentTree<pair<ll,ll>> seg(N,[](pair<ll,ll> a,pair<ll,ll> b){ return mkp(a.first+b.first,a.second+b.second); },mkp(0ll,0ll)); vector<int> ord(N,0); rep(i,N) ord[i]=i; sort(all(ord),[&](int a,int b){ if(A[a]!=A[b]) return A[a]>A[b]; else return a>b; }); for(auto i:ord){ auto f=seg.query(0,i); leftNum[i]=f.second; leftSum[i]=f.first%MOD; seg.update(i,mkp(A[i],1)); } } { SegmentTree<pair<ll,ll>> seg(N,[](pair<ll,ll> a,pair<ll,ll> b){ return mkp(a.first+b.first,a.second+b.second); },mkp(0ll,0ll)); vector<int> ord(N,0); rep(i,N) ord[i]=i; sort(all(ord),[&](int a,int b){ if(A[a]!=A[b]) return A[a]<A[b]; else return a<b; }); for(auto i:ord){ auto f=seg.query(i,N); rightNum[i]=f.second; rightSum[i]=f.first%MOD; seg.update(i,mkp(A[i],1)); } } ll ans=0; for(int j=0;j<N;j++){ if(leftNum[j]==0||rightNum[j]==0) continue; ll ares=leftSum[j]*rightNum[j]%MOD; ll bres=rightSum[j]*leftNum[j]%MOD; ll res=leftNum[j]*rightNum[j]%MOD*A[j]%MOD; add(res,ares); add(res,bres); add(ans,res); } cout<<ans<<endl; return 0; }