#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define debug_value(x) cerr << "line" << __LINE__ << ":<" << __func__ << ">:" << #x << "=" << x << endl; #define debug(x) cerr << "line" << __LINE__ << ":<" << __func__ << ">:" << x << endl; template inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } template inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } using namespace std; typedef long long ll; const ll MOD = 998244353; class ModInt{ public: ll v; ModInt(ll _v = 0){ if(_v >= MOD) _v %= MOD; v = _v; } ModInt operator+(ll n){ return ModInt((v+n)%MOD); } ModInt operator-(ll n){ return ModInt((v-n+MOD)%MOD); } ModInt operator*(ll n){ if(n >= MOD) n %= MOD; return ModInt((v*n)%MOD); } ModInt operator/(ll n){ return ModInt((ModInt(n).inv()*v).v%MOD); } void operator+=(ll n){ v = (v+n)%MOD; } void operator-=(ll n){ v = (v-n+MOD)%MOD; } void operator*=(ll n){ v = (v*n)%MOD; } ModInt operator+(ModInt n){ return ModInt((v+n.v)%MOD); } ModInt operator-(ModInt n){ return ModInt((v-n.v+MOD)%MOD); } ModInt operator*(ModInt n){ return ModInt((v*n.v)%MOD); } ModInt operator/(ModInt n){ return ModInt((n.inv()*v).v%MOD); } void operator+=(ModInt n){ v = (v+n.v)%MOD; } void operator-=(ModInt n){ v = (v-n.v+MOD)%MOD; } void operator*=(ModInt n){ v = (v*n.v)%MOD; } void operator=(ModInt n){ v = n.v; } void operator=(ll n){ v = n; } ModInt inv(){ if(v == 1) return ModInt(1); else return ModInt(MOD-ModInt(MOD%v).inv().v*(MOD/v)%MOD); } }; ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const ModInt& m){ os << m.v; return os; } istream & operator >> (istream &in, ModInt &m){ in >> m.v; return in; } int n; ll a[200000]; ModInt cntl[200000], cntr[200000], suml[200000], sumr[200000]; map compress; void make_compress(){ set st; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) st.insert(a[i]); int cnt = 0; for(ll x : st){ compress[x] = cnt; cnt++; } } template struct segtree{ int n; T UNIT; vector dat; T (*calc)(T, T); segtree(int n_, T unit, T (*_calc)(T, T)){ UNIT = unit; calc = _calc; n = 1; while(n < n_) n *= 2; dat = vector(2*n); for(int i = 0; i < 2*n; i++) dat[i] = UNIT; } void insert(int k, T a){ dat[k+n-1] = a; } void update_all(){ for(int i = n-2; i >= 0; i--){ dat[i] = calc(dat[i*2+1], dat[i*2+2]); } } //k番目の値(0-indexed)をaに変更 void update(int k, T a){ k += n-1; dat[k] = a; while(k > 0){ k = (k-1)/2; dat[k] = calc(dat[k*2+1], dat[k*2+2]); } } //[a, b) //区間[a, b]へのクエリに対してはquery(a, b+1)と呼ぶ T query(int a, int b, int k=0, int l=0, int r=-1){ if(r < 0) r = n; if(r <= a || b <= l) return UNIT; if(a <= l && r <= b) return dat[k]; else{ T vl = query(a, b, k*2+1, l, (l+r)/2); T vr = query(a, b, k*2+2, (l+r)/2, r); return calc(vl, vr); } } }; struct node{ ModInt cnt, sum; }; node add_node(node a, node b){ return (node){a.cnt+b.cnt, a.sum+b.sum}; } int main(){ ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout << setprecision(10) << fixed; cin >> n; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ cin >> a[i]; } make_compress(); int m = compress.size(); node unit = (node){0, 0}; segtree sgtl(m, unit, add_node); segtree sgtr(m, unit, add_node); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ int idx = compress[a[i]]; auto nd = sgtl.query(idx+1, m); cntl[i] = nd.cnt; suml[i] = nd.sum; auto tmp = sgtl.query(idx, idx+1); tmp.cnt+=1; tmp.sum+=a[i]; sgtl.update(idx, tmp); } for(int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--){ int idx = compress[a[i]]; auto nd = sgtr.query(0, idx); cntr[i] = nd.cnt; sumr[i] = nd.sum; auto tmp = sgtr.query(idx, idx+1); tmp.cnt+=1; tmp.sum+=a[i]; sgtr.update(idx, tmp); } ModInt ans = 0; for(int i = 1; i < n-1; i++){ ans += cntl[i]*sumr[i]; ans += cntr[i]*suml[i]; ans += cntl[i]*cntr[i]*a[i]; // cout << suml[i] << ' ' << sumr[i] << endl; } cout << ans << endl; }