#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; using ll=long long; #define int ll #define rng(i,a,b) for(int i=int(a);i<int(b);i++) #define rep(i,b) rng(i,0,b) #define gnr(i,a,b) for(int i=int(b)-1;i>=int(a);i--) #define per(i,b) gnr(i,0,b) #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define a first #define b second #define bg begin() #define ed end() #define all(x) x.bg,x.ed #define si(x) int(x.size()) #ifdef LOCAL #define dmp(x) cerr<<__LINE__<<" "<<#x<<" "<<x<<endl #else #define dmp(x) void(0) #endif template<class t,class u> void chmax(t&a,u b){if(a<b)a=b;} template<class t,class u> void chmin(t&a,u b){if(b<a)a=b;} template<class t> using vc=vector<t>; template<class t> using vvc=vc<vc<t>>; using pi=pair<int,int>; using vi=vc<int>; template<class t,class u> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const pair<t,u>& p){ return os<<"{"<<p.a<<","<<p.b<<"}"; } template<class t> ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const vc<t>& v){ os<<"{"; for(auto e:v)os<<e<<","; return os<<"}"; } #define mp make_pair #define mt make_tuple #define one(x) memset(x,-1,sizeof(x)) #define zero(x) memset(x,0,sizeof(x)) #ifdef LOCAL void dmpr(ostream&os){os<<endl;} template<class T,class... Args> void dmpr(ostream&os,const T&t,const Args&... args){ os<<t<<" "; dmpr(os,args...); } #define dmp2(...) dmpr(cerr,__LINE__,##__VA_ARGS__) #else #define dmp2(...) void(0) #endif using uint=unsigned; using ull=unsigned long long; template<class t,size_t n> ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const array<t,n>&a){ return os<<vc<t>(all(a)); } template<int i,class T> void print_tuple(ostream&,const T&){ } template<int i,class T,class H,class ...Args> void print_tuple(ostream&os,const T&t){ if(i)os<<","; os<<get<i>(t); print_tuple<i+1,T,Args...>(os,t); } template<class ...Args> ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const tuple<Args...>&t){ os<<"{"; print_tuple<0,tuple<Args...>,Args...>(os,t); return os<<"}"; } template<class t> void print(t x,int suc=1){ cout<<x; if(suc==1) cout<<"\n"; if(suc==2) cout<<" "; } ll read(){ ll i; cin>>i; return i; } vi readvi(int n,int off=0){ vi v(n); rep(i,n)v[i]=read()+off; return v; } pi readpi(int off=0){ int a,b;cin>>a>>b; return pi(a+off,b+off); } template<class T> void print(const vector<T>&v,int suc=1){ rep(i,v.size()) print(v[i],i==int(v.size())-1?suc:2); } string readString(){ string s; cin>>s; return s; } template<class T> T sq(const T& t){ return t*t; } //#define CAPITAL void yes(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"YES"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"Yes"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void no(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"NO"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"No"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void possible(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"POSSIBLE"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"Possible"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void impossible(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"IMPOSSIBLE"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"Impossible"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } constexpr ll ten(int n){ return n==0?1:ten(n-1)*10; } const ll infLL=LLONG_MAX/3; #ifdef int const int inf=infLL; #else const int inf=INT_MAX/2-100; #endif int topbit(signed t){ return t==0?-1:31-__builtin_clz(t); } int topbit(ll t){ return t==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll(t); } int botbit(signed a){ return a==0?32:__builtin_ctz(a); } int botbit(ll a){ return a==0?64:__builtin_ctzll(a); } int popcount(signed t){ return __builtin_popcount(t); } int popcount(ll t){ return __builtin_popcountll(t); } bool ispow2(int i){ return i&&(i&-i)==i; } ll mask(int i){ return (ll(1)<<i)-1; } bool inc(int a,int b,int c){ return a<=b&&b<=c; } template<class t> void mkuni(vc<t>&v){ sort(all(v)); v.erase(unique(all(v)),v.ed); } ll rand_int(ll l, ll r) { //[l, r] #ifdef LOCAL static mt19937_64 gen; #else static mt19937_64 gen(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); #endif return uniform_int_distribution<ll>(l, r)(gen); } template<class t> void myshuffle(vc<t>&a){ rep(i,si(a))swap(a[i],a[rand_int(0,i)]); } template<class t> int lwb(const vc<t>&v,const t&a){ return lower_bound(all(v),a)-v.bg; } vvc<int> readGraph(int n,int m){ vvc<int> g(n); rep(i,m){ int a,b; cin>>a>>b; //sc.read(a,b); a--;b--; g[a].pb(b); g[b].pb(a); } return g; } vvc<int> readTree(int n){ return readGraph(n,n-1); } struct modinfo{uint mod,root;}; template<modinfo const&ref> struct modular{ static constexpr uint const &mod=ref.mod; static modular root(){return modular(ref.root);} uint v; //modular(initializer_list<uint>ls):v(*ls.bg){} modular(ll vv=0){s(vv%mod+mod);} modular& s(uint vv){ v=vv<mod?vv:vv-mod; return *this; } modular operator-()const{return modular()-*this;} modular& operator+=(const modular&rhs){return s(v+rhs.v);} modular&operator-=(const modular&rhs){return s(v+mod-rhs.v);} modular&operator*=(const modular&rhs){ v=ull(v)*rhs.v%mod; return *this; } modular&operator/=(const modular&rhs){return *this*=rhs.inv();} modular operator+(const modular&rhs)const{return modular(*this)+=rhs;} modular operator-(const modular&rhs)const{return modular(*this)-=rhs;} modular operator*(const modular&rhs)const{return modular(*this)*=rhs;} modular operator/(const modular&rhs)const{return modular(*this)/=rhs;} modular pow(int n)const{ modular res(1),x(*this); while(n){ if(n&1)res*=x; x*=x; n>>=1; } return res; } modular inv()const{return pow(mod-2);} /*modular inv()const{ int x,y; int g=extgcd<ll>(v,mod,x,y); assert(g==1); if(x<0)x+=mod; return modular(x); }*/ friend modular operator+(int x,const modular&y){ return modular(x)+y; } friend modular operator-(int x,const modular&y){ return modular(x)-y; } friend modular operator*(int x,const modular&y){ return modular(x)*y; } friend modular operator/(int x,const modular&y){ return modular(x)/y; } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const modular&m){ return os<<m.v; } friend istream& operator>>(istream&is,modular&m){ ll x;is>>x; m=modular(x); return is; } bool operator<(const modular&r)const{return v<r.v;} bool operator==(const modular&r)const{return v==r.v;} bool operator!=(const modular&r)const{return v!=r.v;} explicit operator bool()const{ return v; } }; extern constexpr modinfo base{998244353,3}; //extern constexpr modinfo base{1000000007,0}; //modinfo base{1,0}; using mint=modular<base>; const int vmax=(1<<21)+10; mint fact[vmax],finv[vmax],invs[vmax]; void initfact(){ fact[0]=1; rng(i,1,vmax){ fact[i]=fact[i-1]*i; } finv[vmax-1]=fact[vmax-1].inv(); for(int i=vmax-2;i>=0;i--){ finv[i]=finv[i+1]*(i+1); } for(int i=vmax-1;i>=1;i--){ invs[i]=finv[i]*fact[i-1]; } } mint choose(int n,int k){ return fact[n]*finv[n-k]*finv[k]; } mint binom(int a,int b){ return fact[a+b]*finv[a]*finv[b]; } mint catalan(int n){ return binom(n,n)-(n-1>=0?binom(n-1,n+1):0); } /* const int vmax=110; mint binbuf[vmax][vmax]; mint choose(int n,int k){ return binbuf[n-k][k]; } mint binom(int a,int b){ return binbuf[a][b]; } void initfact(){ binbuf[0][0]=1; rep(i,vmax)rep(j,vmax){ if(i)binbuf[i][j]+=binbuf[i-1][j]; if(j)binbuf[i][j]+=binbuf[i][j-1]; } } */ template<class t> struct BIT{ vc<t> buf; int s; BIT(int n=0){init(n);} void init(int n){buf.assign(s=n,0);} void add(int i,t v){ for(;i<s;i+=(i+1)&(-i-1)) buf[i]+=v; } t get(int i){ t res=0; for(;i>=0;i-=(i+1)&(-i-1)) res+=buf[i]; return res; } t sum(int b,int e){ return get(e-1)-get(b-1); } int kth(int k){ int res=0; for(int i=topbit(s);i>=0;i--){ int w=res+(1<<i); if(w<=s&&buf[w-1]<=k){ k-=buf[w-1]; res=w; } } return res; } //yukicoder No.1024 int kth_helper(int k,int i){ return kth(k+get(i-1)); } }; void slv(){ int n;cin>>n; vi a=readvi(n); vi vs=a;mkuni(vs); int s=si(vs); BIT<mint> bit[2][2]; rep(i,2)rep(j,2)bit[i][j].init(s); mint ans=0; rep(i,n){ int j=lwb(vs,a[i]); per(k,2){ mint x=bit[k][0].sum(j+1,s); mint y=bit[k][1].sum(j+1,s); if(k==0){ bit[k+1][0].add(j,x); bit[k+1][1].add(j,x*a[i]+y); }else{ ans+=x*a[i]+y; } } bit[0][0].add(j,1); bit[0][1].add(j,a[i]); } print(ans); } signed main(){ cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cout<<fixed<<setprecision(20); //int t;cin>>t;rep(_,t) slv(); }