#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include typedef long long ll; typedef std::pair Pii; typedef std::pair Pll; typedef std::pair Pdd; #define rip(i, n, ss) for (int i = (ss);i < (int)( n ); i++) #define all(l) l.begin(), l.end() #define MM << " " << template using MaxHeap = std::priority_queue; template using MinHeap = std::priority_queue, std::greater>; template inline bool chmax(T &l, const T b) { if (l < b) { l = b; return true; } return false; } template inline bool chmin(T &l, const T b) { if (l > b) { l = b; return true; } return false; } # ifdef LOCAL_DEBUG template void vdeb(const std::vector &bb) { for (unsigned int i = 0;i < bb.size();i++) { if (i == bb.size() - 1) std::cout << bb[i]; else std::cout << bb[i] << ' '; } std::cout << '\n'; } template void vdeb(const std::vector> &bb) { for (unsigned int i = 0;i < bb.size();i++) { std::cout << i << ' '; vdeb(bb[i]); } std::cout << '\n'; } # endif long long pow(long long n, long long p, long long k) {//n^k(mod p) if (!k) return 1; long long a = pow(n,p, k>>1); a = a * a%p; if (k & 1) a = a * n%p; return a; } void euclid(long long &a, long long &b, long long p) { // a>=b A*b+B*(a-a/b*b)=1 if (a == 1) { a = 1; } else { long long A = b, B = a % b; euclid(A, B, p); b = (A - (p + a / b) % p * B % p + p) % p; a = B; } } long long rev(long long n, long long p) {// n*x-p*y=1 //long long q = p; //euclid(p, n, p); //return n % q; return pow(n,p,p-2); } long long bino(long long n, long long m, long long p) {//nCm(mod p) long long ans = 1, div = 1; for(int i = 0;i < m; i++){ ans = (n - i) * ans % p; div = div * (i +1) % p; } return ans * rev(div, p) % p; } struct modint { long long num; long long p; modint() { num = 0; p = 998244353; } modint(long long x) { p = 998244353; num = x % p; } modint inv()const{return rev(num, p);} modint operator-() const{return modint(p-num);} modint& operator+=(const modint &other){ num = (num + other.num) % p; return *this; } modint& operator-=(const modint &other){ num = (num - other.num + p) % p; return *this; } modint& operator*=(const modint &other){ num = (num * other.num) % p; return *this; } modint& operator/=(const modint &other){ (*this) *= other.inv(); return *this; } modint& operator+=(const long long &other){ num = (num + other) % p; return *this; } modint& operator-=(const long long &other){ num = (num - other + p) % p; return *this; } modint& operator*=(const long long &other){ num = (num * other) % p; return *this; } modint& operator/=(const long long &other){ (*this) *= rev(other, p); return *this; } modint& operator++(){return *this += 1;} modint& operator--(){return *this -= 1;} modint& operator=(const long long &other){return (*this) = modint(other);} modint operator+(const modint &other) const{return modint(*this) += other;} modint operator-(const modint &other) const{return modint(*this) -= other;} modint operator*(const modint &other) const{return modint(*this) *= other;} modint operator/(const modint &other) const{return modint(*this) /= other;} modint operator+(const long long &other) const{return modint(*this) += other;} modint operator-(const long long &other) const{return modint(*this) -= other;} modint operator*(const long long &other) const{return modint(*this) *= other;} modint operator/(const long long &other) const{return modint(*this) /= other;} bool operator==(const modint &other) const{return num == other.num;} }; std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &is, const modint x) { std::cin >> x.num; return is; } std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, const modint &x){ std::cout << x.num; return os; } template struct BIT{ std::vector li; int size; BIT (int n){ li=std::vector(n+1); size=n; } T sum (int i){ // sum of [0, n) assert(0 <= i && i <= size); if(i == 0) return 0; T s=0; while(i>0){ s+=li[i]; i-=i & -i; } return s; } T sum(int i, int j) { // sum of [i, j) assert(i < j); return sum(j) - sum(i); } void add(int i,T x){ // li[i] += x assert(0 <= i && i < size); ++i; while(i<=size){ li[i]+=x; i+=i & -i; } } }; using namespace std; int main() { int n; cin >> n; vector da(n); vector st(n); rip(i,n,0) { cin >> da[i].first; da[i].second = i; } sort(all(da)); reverse(all(da)); rip(i,n,0) { st[da[i].second] = i; swap(da[i].first, da[i].second); } sort(all(da)); BIT one(n), two(n), onep(n), twop(n); modint ans; rip(i,n,0) { int now = st[i]; if(onep.sum(now) == 0) { one.add(now, modint(da[i].second)); onep.add(now, modint(1)); } else if(onep.sum(now) == 1) { two.add(now, one.sum(now) + onep.sum(now)*da[i].second); twop.add(now, onep.sum(now)); one.add(now, modint(da[i].second)); onep.add(now, modint(1)); } else { ans += two.sum(now) + twop.sum(now) * da[i].second; two.add(now, one.sum(now) +onep.sum(now)* da[i].second); twop.add(now, onep.sum(now)); one.add(now, modint(da[i].second)); onep.add(now, modint(1)); } } cout << ans << endl; }