/* -*- coding: utf-8 -*- * * 1300.cc: No.1300 Sum of Inversions - yukicoder */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; /* constant */ const int MAX_N = 200000; const int MOD = 998244353; /* typedef */ typedef long long ll; struct Elm { int a, c; Elm(): a(0), c(0) {} Elm(int _a, int _c): a(_a), c(_c) {} Elm &operator+=(const Elm e) { a = (a + e.a) % MOD; c = (c + e.c) % MOD; return *this; } Elm operator*(const int v) const { return Elm((a + (ll)v * c % MOD) % MOD, c); } Elm operator-(const Elm e) const { return Elm((a + MOD - e.a) % MOD, (c + MOD - e.c) % MOD); } }; template struct BIT { int n; T bits[MAX_N + 1], z; BIT() {} void init(int _n, T _z) { n = _n; z = _z; //memset(bits, 0, sizeof(bits)); } T sum(int x) { T s = z; while (x > 0) { s += bits[x]; x -= (x & -x); } return s; } void add(int x, T v) { while (x <= n) { bits[x] += v; x += (x & -x); } } }; /* global variables */ int as[MAX_N], uas[MAX_N]; BIT bit0, bit1; /* subroutines */ /* main */ int main() { int n; scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", as + i), uas[i] = as[i]; sort(uas, uas + n); int m = unique(uas, uas + n) - uas; bit0.init(m, Elm()), bit1.init(m, Elm()); Elm sum; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int k = lower_bound(uas, uas + m, as[i]) - uas; Elm e0 = bit0.sum(m) - bit0.sum(k + 1); bit0.add(k + 1, Elm(as[i], 1)); Elm e1 = bit1.sum(m) - bit1.sum(k + 1); bit1.add(k + 1, e0 * as[i]); sum += e1 * as[i]; } printf("%d\n", sum.a); return 0; }