#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = int(a); i < int(b); i++) using namespace std; using ll = long long int; using P = pair; // clang-format off #ifdef _DEBUG_ #define dump(...) do{ cerr << __LINE__ << ":\t" << #__VA_ARGS__ << " = "; PPPPP(__VA_ARGS__); cerr << endl; } while(false) template void PPPPP(T t) { cerr << t; } template void PPPPP(T t, S... s) { cerr << t << ", "; PPPPP(s...); } #else #define dump(...) do{ } while(false) #endif template vector make_v(size_t a, T b) { return vector(a, b); } template auto make_v(size_t a, Ts... ts) { return vector(a, make_v(ts...)); } template bool chmin(T &a, T b) { if (a > b) {a = b; return true; } return false; } template bool chmax(T &a, T b) { if (a < b) {a = b; return true; } return false; } template void print(T a) { cout << a << '\n'; } template void print(T a, Ts... ts) { cout << a << ' '; print(ts...); } template istream &operator,(istream &in, T &t) { return in >> t; } // clang-format on template class ModInt { ll n; ModInt constexpr inverse() const { return ModInt::pow(*this, MOD - 2); } public: ModInt() : n(0) {} ModInt(ll _n) : n(((_n % MOD) + MOD) % MOD) {} ModInt operator+=(const ModInt &m) { n += m.n; if (n >= MOD) n -= MOD; return *this; } ModInt operator-=(const ModInt &m) { n -= m.n; if (n < 0) n += MOD; return *this; } ModInt operator*=(const ModInt &m) { n *= m.n; if (n >= MOD) n %= MOD; return *this; } ModInt operator/=(const ModInt &m) { (*this) *= m.inverse(); return *this; } friend ModInt operator+(ModInt t, const ModInt &m) { return t += m; } friend ModInt operator-(ModInt t, const ModInt &m) { return t -= m; } friend ModInt operator*(ModInt t, const ModInt &m) { return t *= m; } friend ModInt operator/(ModInt t, const ModInt &m) { return t /= m; } ModInt operator=(const ll l) { n = l % MOD; if (n < 0) n += MOD; return *this; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const ModInt &m) { out << m.n; return out; } friend istream &operator>>(istream &in, ModInt &m) { ll l; in >> l; m = l; return in; } static constexpr ModInt pow(const ModInt x, ll p) { ModInt ans = 1; for (ModInt m = x; p > 0; p /= 2, m *= m) { if (p % 2) ans *= m; } return ans; } }; using mint = ModInt<998244353>; mint operator"" _m(unsigned long long m) { return mint(m); } template void compress_insert(vector &inserter, pair &, vector &> pr) { for (T &val : pr.first) { inserter.push_back(val); } } template void compress_insert(vector &inserter, Head head, Args... args) { compress_insert(inserter, head); compress_insert(inserter, args...); } template void compress_update(vector &inserter, pair &, vector &> pr) { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pr.first.size(); i++) { pr.second[i] = static_cast(lower_bound(inserter.begin(), inserter.end(), pr.first[i]) - inserter.begin()); } } template void compress_update(vector &inserter, Head head, Args... args) { compress_update(inserter, head); compress_update(inserter, args...); } template size_t compress(vector &inserter, Args... args) { compress_insert(inserter, args...); sort(inserter.begin(), inserter.end()); inserter.erase(unique(inserter.begin(), inserter.end()), inserter.end()); compress_update(inserter, args...); return inserter.size(); } template auto refer(vector &a, vector &b) { return make_pair(ref(a), ref(b)); } #include template class SegmentTreeOneAll { using Func = function; public: vector data; int n; T init; Func update_func; Func query_func; SegmentTreeOneAll(int _n, T _init, Func up, Func qu) { init = _init; update_func = up; query_func = qu; for (n = 1; n < _n; n *= 2) ; data.resize(2 * n - 1, init); } void update(int pos, T val) { pos += n - 1; data[pos] = update_func(data[pos], val); while (pos > 0) { pos = (pos - 1) / 2; data[pos] = query_func(data[2 * pos + 1], data[2 * pos + 2]); } } T query(int l, int r) { T resL = init, resR = init; for (l += n - 1, r += n - 1; l < r; l = l / 2, r = (r - 1) / 2) { if (!(l & 1)) { resL = query_func(resL, data[l]); } if (!(r & 1)) { resR = query_func(data[r - 1], resR); } } return query_func(resL, resR); } }; int main() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int n; cin, n; vector a(n); rep(i, 0, n) { cin, a[i]; } vector tmp, b(n); int sz = compress(tmp, refer(a, b)); auto SUM1 = [](ll s, ll t) { return s + t; }; auto SUM2 = [](mint s, mint t) { return s + t; }; SegmentTreeOneAll seg1(sz, 0, SUM1, SUM1), seg2(sz, 0, SUM1, SUM1); SegmentTreeOneAll seg1m(sz, 0, SUM2, SUM2), seg2m(sz, 0, SUM2, SUM2); rep(i, 0, n) { int t = b[i]; seg2.update(t, 1); seg2m.update(t, a[i]); } mint ans = 0; rep(i, 0, n) { int t = b[i]; seg2.update(t, -1); seg2m.update(t, -a[i]); ll c1 = seg1.query(t + 1, sz); ll c2 = seg2.query(0, t); mint sum1 = seg1m.query(t + 1, sz); mint sum2 = seg2m.query(0, t); ans += 1_m * c1 * c2 * a[i]; ans += 1_m * c1 * sum2; ans += 1_m * c2 * sum1; seg1.update(t, 1); seg1m.update(t, a[i]); dump(a[i], b[i], c1, c2, sum1, sum2, ans); } print(ans); return 0; }