#include #pragma GCC target("avx2") #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") //#include using namespace std; //using namespace boost::multiprecision; //#include #include namespace atcoder { namespace internal { // @param m `1 <= m` // @return x mod m constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) { x %= m; if (x < 0) x += m; return x; } // Fast moduler by barrett reduction // Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett_reduction // NOTE: reconsider after Ice Lake struct barrett { unsigned int _m; unsigned long long im; // @param m `1 <= m` barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {} // @return m unsigned int umod() const { return _m; } // @param a `0 <= a < m` // @param b `0 <= b < m` // @return `a * b % m` unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const { // [1] m = 1 // a = b = im = 0, so okay // [2] m >= 2 // im = ceil(2^64 / m) // -> im * m = 2^64 + r (0 <= r < m) // let z = a*b = c*m + d (0 <= c, d < m) // a*b * im = (c*m + d) * im = c*(im*m) + d*im = c*2^64 + c*r + d*im // c*r + d*im < m * m + m * im < m * m + 2^64 + m <= 2^64 + m * (m + 1) < 2^64 * 2 // ((ab * im) >> 64) == c or c + 1 unsigned long long z = a; z *= b; #ifdef _MSC_VER unsigned long long x; _umul128(z, im, &x); #else unsigned long long x = (unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z)*im) >> 64); #endif unsigned int v = (unsigned int)(z - x * _m); if (_m <= v) v += _m; return v; } }; // @param n `0 <= n` // @param m `1 <= m` // @return `(x ** n) % m` constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) { if (m == 1) return 0; unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m); unsigned long long r = 1; unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m); while (n) { if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m; y = (y * y) % _m; n >>= 1; } return r; } // Reference: // M. Forisek and J. Jancina, // Fast Primality Testing for Integers That Fit into a Machine Word // @param n `0 <= n` constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) { if (n <= 1) return false; if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true; if (n % 2 == 0) return false; long long d = n - 1; while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2; for (long long a : {2, 7, 61}) { long long t = d; long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n); while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) { y = y * y % n; t <<= 1; } if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) { return false; } } return true; } template constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n); // @param b `1 <= b` // @return pair(g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b/g constexpr std::pair inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) { a = safe_mod(a, b); if (a == 0) return {b, 0}; // Contracts: // [1] s - m0 * a = 0 (mod b) // [2] t - m1 * a = 0 (mod b) // [3] s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b long long s = b, t = a; long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) { long long u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b // [3]: // (s - t * u) * |m1| + t * |m0 - m1 * u| // <= s * |m1| - t * u * |m1| + t * (|m0| + |m1| * u) // = s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b auto tmp = s; s = t; t = tmp; tmp = m0; m0 = m1; m1 = tmp; } // by [3]: |m0| <= b/g // by g != b: |m0| < b/g if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s; return {s, m0}; } // Compile time primitive root // @param m must be prime // @return primitive root (and minimum in now) constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) { if (m == 2) return 1; if (m == 167772161) return 3; if (m == 469762049) return 3; if (m == 754974721) return 11; if (m == 998244353) return 3; int divs[20] = {}; divs[0] = 2; int cnt = 1; int x = (m - 1) / 2; while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2; for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) { if (x % i == 0) { divs[cnt++] = i; while (x % i == 0) { x /= i; } } } if (x > 1) { divs[cnt++] = x; } for (int g = 2;; g++) { bool ok = true; for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) { if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) { ok = false; break; } } if (ok) return g; } } template constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m); } // namespace internal } // namespace atcoder #include #include #include namespace atcoder { namespace internal { #ifndef _MSC_VER template using is_signed_int128 = typename std::conditional::value || std::is_same::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_unsigned_int128 = typename std::conditional::value || std::is_same::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using make_unsigned_int128 = typename std::conditional::value, __uint128_t, unsigned __int128>; template using is_integral = typename std::conditional::value || is_signed_int128::value || is_unsigned_int128::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral::value && std::is_signed::value) || is_signed_int128::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_unsigned_int = typename std::conditional<(is_integral::value && std::is_unsigned::value) || is_unsigned_int128::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional< is_signed_int128::value, make_unsigned_int128, typename std::conditional::value, std::make_unsigned, std::common_type>::type>::type; #else template using is_integral = typename std::is_integral; template using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional::value && std::is_signed::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_unsigned_int = typename std::conditional::value && std::is_unsigned::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional::value, std::make_unsigned, std::common_type>::type; #endif template using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned::type; } // namespace internal } // namespace atcoder #include #include #include #ifdef _MSC_VER #include #endif namespace atcoder { namespace internal { struct modint_base {}; struct static_modint_base : modint_base {}; template using is_modint = std::is_base_of; template using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; } // namespace internal template * = nullptr> struct static_modint : internal::static_modint_base { using mint = static_modint; public: static constexpr int mod() { return m; } static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } static_modint() : _v(0) {} template * = nullptr> static_modint(T v) { long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod())); if (x < 0) x += umod(); _v = (unsigned int)(x); } template * = nullptr> static_modint(T v) { _v = (unsigned int)(v % umod()); } static_modint(bool v) { _v = ((unsigned int)(v) % umod()); } unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint& operator++() { _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--() { if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) { _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) { _v -= rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod(); return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) { unsigned long long z = _v; z *= rhs._v; _v = (unsigned int)(z % umod()); return *this; } mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } mint operator+() const { return *this; } mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv() const { if (prime) { assert(_v); return pow(umod() - 2); } else { auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, m); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } } friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; } friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; } private: unsigned int _v; static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return m; } static constexpr bool prime = internal::is_prime; }; template struct dynamic_modint : internal::modint_base { using mint = dynamic_modint; public: static int mod() { return (int)(bt.umod()); } static void set_mod(int m) { assert(1 <= m); bt = internal::barrett(m); } static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } dynamic_modint() : _v(0) {} template * = nullptr> dynamic_modint(T v) { long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(mod())); if (x < 0) x += mod(); _v = (unsigned int)(x); } template * = nullptr> dynamic_modint(T v) { _v = (unsigned int)(v % mod()); } dynamic_modint(bool v) { _v = ((unsigned int)(v) % mod()); } unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint& operator++() { _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--() { if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) { _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) { _v += mod() - rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) { _v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v); return *this; } mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } mint operator+() const { return *this; } mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv() const { auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, mod()); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; } friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; } private: unsigned int _v; static internal::barrett bt; static unsigned int umod() { return bt.umod(); } }; template internal::barrett dynamic_modint::bt = 998244353; using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>; using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>; using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>; namespace internal { template using is_static_modint = std::is_base_of; template using is_static_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template struct is_dynamic_modint : public std::false_type {}; template struct is_dynamic_modint> : public std::true_type {}; template using is_dynamic_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; } // namespace internal } // namespace atcoder using namespace atcoder; using dou =long double; string yes="yes"; string Yes="Yes"; string YES="YES"; string no="no"; string No="No"; string NO="NO"; template inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } typedef long long ll; typedef pair P; typedef pair PL; //const ll mod = 998244353ll; const ll mod = 1000000007ll; //const ll mod = 4; struct mint { ll x; // typedef long long ll; mint(ll x=0):x((x%mod+mod)%mod){} mint operator-() const { return mint(-x);} mint& operator+=(const mint a) { if ((x += a.x) >= mod) x -= mod; return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint a) { if ((x += mod-a.x) >= mod) x -= mod; return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint a) { (x *= a.x) %= mod; return *this;} mint operator+(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) += a;} mint operator-(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) -= a;} mint operator*(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) *= a;} mint pow(ll t) const { if (!t) return 1; mint a = pow(t>>1); a *= a; if (t&1) a *= *this; return a; } // for prime modhttps://atcoder.jp/contests/abc166/submit?taskScreenName=abc166_f mint inv() const { return pow(mod-2);} mint& operator/=(const mint a) { return *this *= a.inv();} mint operator/(const mint a) const { return mint(*this) /= a;} }; istream& operator>>(istream& is, const mint& a) { return is >> a.x;} ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const mint& a) { return os << a.x;} #define rep(i, n) for(ll i = 0; i < (ll)(n); i++) //#define rep(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++) #define brep(n) for(int bit=0;bit<(1<= (ll)0ll; i--) #define rrep(i,m,n) for(ll i = m; i < (ll)(n); i++) #define reprep(i,j,h,w) rep(i,h)rep(j,w) #define repreprep(i,j,k,h,w,n) rep(i,h)rep(j,w)rep(k,n) #define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define rall(x) (x).rbegin(),(x).rend() #define VEC(type,name,n) std::vector name(n);rep(i,n)std::cin >> name[i]; #define pb push_back #define pf push_front #define query int qq;std::cin >> qq;rep(qqq,qq) #define lb lower_bound #define ub upper_bound #define fi first #define se second #define itn int #define mp make_pair //#define sum(a) accumulate(all(a),0ll) #define keta fixed< > name(m,vector (n,a)) //#define vvector(name,typ,m,n)vector > name(m,vector (n)) #define vvvector(name,t,l,m,n,a) vector > > name(l, vector >(m, vector(n,a))); #define vvvvector(name,t,k,l,m,n,a) vector > > > name(k,vector > >(l, vector >(m, vector(n,a)) )); #define case std::cout <<"Case #" <> a>>b;a--;b--; #define popcount __builtin_popcount #define permu(a) next_permutation(all(a)) #define aru(a,d) a.find(d)!=a.end() #define nai(a,d) a.find(d)==a.end() //#define aru p.find(mp(x,y))!=p.end() //#define grid_input(a,type) int h,w;std::cin >> h>>w;vvector(a,type,h,w,0);reprep(i,j,h,w)std::cin >> a[i][j]; //typedef long long T; ll ceili(ll a,ll b){ return ((a+b-1)/b); } const int INF = 2000000000; const ll INF64 =32233720854775807ll; //const ll INF64 = 9223372036854775807ll; //const ll INF64 = 243'000'000'000'000'000'0;Q const ll MOD = 1000000007ll; //const ll MOD = 998244353ll; //const ll MOD = 1000003ll; const ll OD = 1000000000000007ll; const dou pi=3.141592653589793; long long modpow(long long a, long long n) { long long res = 1; while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) res = res * a % MOD; a = a * a % MOD; n >>= 1; } return res; } //メモ //ゲーム(Grundy数とか)の復習をする //リスニング力をどうにかする //個数制限付きナップサックの復習 //戻すDP //全方位木DPとスライド最小値 //学会しゃべる練習をする //llig 連続写真の三枚目を使ったほうがわかりやすいかも! //自分の新規性の強調 //ゲーム→パリティに注目するといいことあるかも //数え上げ Strivore→文字列 T が与えられるので、操作によって文字列 T を作ることができるかどうかを判定せよ //bool dp[5010][32768]; template< class T > struct Matrix { vector< vector< T > > A; Matrix() {} Matrix(size_t n, size_t m) : A(n, vector< T >(m, 0)) {} Matrix(size_t n) : A(n, vector< T >(n, 0)) {}; size_t height() const { return (A.size()); } size_t width() const { return (A[0].size()); } inline const vector< T > &operator[](int k) const { return (A.at(k)); } inline vector< T > &operator[](int k) { return (A.at(k)); } static Matrix I(size_t n) { Matrix mat(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) mat[i][i] = 1; return (mat); } Matrix &operator+=(const Matrix &B) { size_t n = height(), m = width(); assert(n == B.height() && m == B.width()); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) (*this)[i][j] += B[i][j]; return (*this); } Matrix &operator-=(const Matrix &B) { size_t n = height(), m = width(); assert(n == B.height() && m == B.width()); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) (*this)[i][j] -= B[i][j]; return (*this); } Matrix &operator*=(const Matrix &B) { size_t n = height(), m = B.width(), p = width(); assert(p == B.height()); vector< vector< T > > C(n, vector< T >(m, 0)); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) for(int k = 0; k < p; k++) C[i][j] = (C[i][j] + (*this)[i][k] * B[k][j]); A.swap(C); return (*this); } Matrix &operator^=(long long k) { Matrix B = Matrix::I(height()); while(k > 0) { if(k & 1) B *= *this; *this *= *this; k >>= 1LL; } A.swap(B.A); return (*this); } Matrix operator+(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) += B); } Matrix operator-(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) -= B); } Matrix operator*(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) *= B); } Matrix operator^(const long long k) const { return (Matrix(*this) ^= k); } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, Matrix &p) { size_t n = p.height(), m = p.width(); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { os << "["; for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) { os << p[i][j] << (j + 1 == m ? "]\n" : ","); } } return (os); } T determinant() { Matrix B(*this); assert(width() == height()); T ret = 1; for(int i = 0; i < width(); i++) { int idx = -1; for(int j = i; j < width(); j++) { if(B[j][i] != 0) idx = j; } if(idx == -1) return (0); if(i != idx) { ret *= -1; swap(B[i], B[idx]); } ret *= B[i][i]; T vv = B[i][i]; for(int j = 0; j < width(); j++) { B[i][j] /= vv; } for(int j = i + 1; j < width(); j++) { T a = B[j][i]; for(int k = 0; k < width(); k++) { B[j][k] -= B[i][k] * a; } } } return (ret); } }; int main(){ int n,m; std::cin >> n>>m; modint::set_mod(m); //std::vector> a; //RES(a,2,2); std::vector v{0,1,1}; if(n<=3){ std::cout << v[n-1] << std::endl; } else{ Matrix ma(2,2); ma[0][0]=1; ma[0][1]=1; ma[1][0]=1; ma^=n-3; //ppri(ma[0][0].val(),ma[1][0].val()); modint ans=ma[0][0]+ma[1][0]; std::cout << ans.val() << std::endl; } }