#include #define REP(i,n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i) template inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) {if (a > b) {a = b;return true;}return false;} template inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) {if (a < b) {a = b;return true;}return false;} using namespace std; using ll = long long; using P = pair; using Pl = pair; using veci = vector; using vecl = vector; using vecveci = vector>; using vecvecl = vector>; const int MOD = 998244353; const double pi = acos(-1); ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {if(b == 0) return a; else return gcd(b,a%b);} ll lcm(ll a, ll b) {return a*b/gcd(a,b);} template struct Fp { long long val; constexpr Fp(long long v = 0) noexcept : val(v % MOD) { if (val < 0) val += MOD; } constexpr int getmod() { return MOD; } constexpr Fp operator - () const noexcept { return val ? MOD - val : 0; } constexpr Fp operator + (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) += r; } constexpr Fp operator - (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) -= r; } constexpr Fp operator * (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) *= r; } constexpr Fp operator / (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) /= r; } constexpr Fp& operator += (const Fp& r) noexcept { val += r.val; if (val >= MOD) val -= MOD; return *this; } constexpr Fp& operator -= (const Fp& r) noexcept { val -= r.val; if (val < 0) val += MOD; return *this; } constexpr Fp& operator *= (const Fp& r) noexcept { val = val * r.val % MOD; return *this; } constexpr Fp& operator /= (const Fp& r) noexcept { long long a = r.val, b = MOD, u = 1, v = 0; while (b) { long long t = a / b; a -= t * b; swap(a, b); u -= t * v; swap(u, v); } val = val * u % MOD; if (val < 0) val += MOD; return *this; } constexpr bool operator == (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return this->val == r.val; } constexpr bool operator != (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return this->val != r.val; } friend constexpr ostream& operator << (ostream &os, const Fp& x) noexcept { return os << x.val; } friend constexpr Fp modpow(const Fp &a, long long n) noexcept { if (n == 0) return 1; auto t = modpow(a, n / 2); t = t * t; if (n & 1) t = t * a; return t; } }; template struct RSQ { //初期化 const T INF = numeric_limits::max(); int n; // 葉の数 vector dat; // 完全二分木の配列 RSQ(int n_) : n(), dat(n_ * 4, 0) { // 葉の数は 2^x の形 int x = 1; while (n_ > x) { x *= 2; } n = x; } //値の更新 void update(int i, T x) { i += n-1; dat[i] += x; while(i > 0) { i = (i-1)/2; dat[i] += x; } } //任意区間の最小値 // the minimum element of [a,b) T query(int a, int b) { return query_sub(a, b, 0, 0, n); } T query_sub(int a, int b, int k, int l, int r) { if(r <= a || b <= l) return 0; else if(a <= l && r <= b) return dat[k]; else { T v1 = query_sub(a,b,2*k+1,l,(l+r)/2); T v2 = query_sub(a,b,2*k+2,(l+r)/2,r); return v1+v2; } } }; using mint = Fp; int main() { int n; cin >> n; vecl a(n); REP(i,n) cin >> a[i]; ll cnt = 0; map mp; vecl b = a; sort(b.begin(),b.end()); REP(i,n) { if(!mp.count(b[i])) { mp[b[i]] = cnt; cnt++; } } //REP(i,n) cout << mp[a[i]] << " "; //cout << endl; map mp2; int m = mp.size(); RSQ cntseg1(m), cntseg2(m); RSQ seg1(m), seg2(m); mint ans = 0; mint total = 0; vecl l(n), r(n); vector L(n), R(n); REP(i,n) { ll sum = cntseg1.query(mp[a[i]]+1, m); total = seg1.query(mp[a[i]]+1, m); l[i] = sum; L[i] = total; cntseg1.update(mp[a[i]],1); seg1.update(mp[a[i]], a[i]); } for(int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--) { ll sum = cntseg2.query(0,mp[a[i]]); total = seg2.query(0,mp[a[i]]); R[i] = total; r[i] = sum; cntseg2.update(mp[a[i]],1); seg2.update(mp[a[i]],a[i]); } REP(i,n) { mint x = L[i], y = R[i]; //cout << i << ":" << l[i] << " "<< r[i] << endl; if(r[i] > 0 && l[i] > 0) { ans += (mint)l[i] * y + (mint)r[i] * x + (mint)a[i] * ((mint)l[i] * (mint)r[i]); } } cout << ans << endl; }